亲和力与操作者——论皮科对普罗提诺魔法解释的承继与改造  

“Συμπáθεια”and the Operator:On Pico's Succession and Transformation of Plotinian Interpretation of Magic

作　　者：万岱 Wan Dai

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学

出　　处：《哲学门》2022年第1期133-149,共17页Beida Journal of Philosophy

摘　　要：自然魔法在皮科本人的哲学规划中占据着极其重要的位置,在《论人的尊严》与《九百题》等作品中也得到了相当充分的讨论。毫无疑问,皮科对魔法理论的建构直接受到费奇诺的影响,而费奇诺自然魔法的设想在谱系上又可回溯到新柏拉图主义者普罗提诺对魔法的典范解释。将皮科视作普罗提诺的继承者之一的确是一个有吸引力的观点,但是皮科对魔法概念的发挥是否仅为古典学术的回潮则有待进一步更细致的考察。本文根据魔法操作所赖以成立的世界图景,挖掘皮科与新柏拉图主义者共享的宇宙论前提,首先澄清并落实皮科与新柏拉图主义传统之间的联系。随后,通过分析魔法实践与操作主体之间的关系,展现魔法实践在两者哲学之中的不同地位,从而揭示皮科对于新柏拉图主义传统的背离与改造。这些改造服务于某种哲学上更基础性的规划,并塑造了一种全新的人性结构,使得“人”作为一个“自由的操作者”从决定论的世界图景中抽身而出,进而促进了晚近的主体概念的发明。Natural magic plays a significant role in the writing plan of Pico della Mirandola,which has been discussed sufficiently in his worksDe hominis dignitate and Conclutiones.Undoubtedly,Pico constructed his theory of magic practicing under the influence of Ficino.In a genealogical perspective,the conception of Ficino's‘magia naturalis’shall pertain to the exemplary interpretation of magic which was given by the Neo-Platonist Plotinus.The belief that identifies Pico as one of the successors of Plotinus indeed appeals to us in some way,at least prima facie.However,the question that whether should we regard Pico's magic notion just as the reprint of the Neoplatonism doctrines need more precisely investigation.In this paper,firstly,I shall clarify and demonstrate the connection between Pico and the orthodox Neoplatonism,according to the world-picture within which the magic operates shared by both of them as the cosmological premise.Then,I will analysis the relation between magic practicing and operating agents,by which to display the different status of magic practicing in each philosophy.I believe that such differentiations indicate that Pico depart and transit from the Neoplatonism tradition.These transformations served to a more fundamental programme in philosophy and formed a new structure of human nature,which made human as a‘free operator’escaped from the deterministic cosmos,contributing to the later invention of the concept of subject.

关 键 词：自然魔法 亲和力 奇迹 爱欲 人的尊严 自由 

分 类 号：B546[哲学宗教—外国哲学]