重金属残留免疫分析法中抗体与抗原特异性识别及相互作用机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Specific Recognition and Interaction Mechanism between Antibody and Antigen in Immunoassay for Heavy Metal Residues

作　　者：黄俊钧 周孟新 吕晓丹 肖治理[1] HUANG Junjun;ZHOU Mengxin;LÜ Xiaodan;XIAO Zhili(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety,College of Food Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学食品学院,广东省食品质量安全重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《食品科学》2025年第5期301-309,共9页Food Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32272405)。

摘　　要：重金属毒性大、污染范围广,其污染和残留对食品安全造成了严重危害,因此加强食品中的重金属残留检测至关重要。重金属的免疫分析法快速、高效,具有良好的应用前景,重金属抗体是其中的核心试剂。重金属抗原由重金属离子及螯合剂两部分组成,由于金属离子结构相似、螯合剂又具有通用性,因此制备的抗体往往特异性不佳,但仍有部分文献报道的抗体具有良好的特异性。因此,研究重金属抗体对抗原特异性识别及相互作用机制具有重要意义。本文综述了重金属抗原抗体识别机制的3种研究手段及进展,分析了重金属抗体与抗原特异性识别及相互作用的关键因素,旨在为重金属抗体性能改造提升提供参考,并为建立高效、灵敏、特异性好的食品重金属残留检测方法奠定基础。Heavy metals are highly toxic and can contaminate a wide range of foods.Their pollution and residues can bring about serious harm to food safety.Therefore,it is critical to strengthen efforts to detect heavy metal residues in food products.Immunoassay is promising for the rapid and efficient detection of heavy metals.Heavy metal antibodies are at the heart of immunoassays for the detection of heavy metals.Heavy metal antigens consist of two parts:heavy metal ions and chelating agents.Due to the structural similarity among metal ions and the universality of chelating agents,the resulting antibodies often show inadequate specificity,although antibodies with good specificity have been reported in some literatures.Therefore,it is significant to explore the specific recognition and interaction mechanism between heavy metal antibodies and antigens.In this article,we elaborate three research methods for understanding the recognition mechanism between heavy metal antibodies and antigens and recent progress in this area,and analyze the critical factors for the specific recognition and interaction.We hope that this review will provide a reference for enhancing the performance of heavy metal antibodies,and lay the foundation for establishing efficient,sensitive and specific methods for the detection of heavy metal residues in foods.

关 键 词：重金属 抗体 特异性识别 相互作用机制 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]