我国食品安全治理体制变迁历程与逻辑——基于历史制度主义的分析  

Evolution and Logic of China’s Food Safety Governance System:An Analysis Based on Historical Institutionalism

作　　者：魏麟 李春雷 WEI Lin;LI Chunei(School of Criminology,People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学犯罪学学院,北京100038

出　　处：《食品科学》2025年第5期328-339,共12页Food Science

基　　金：最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题项目(GJ2021D15)。

摘　　要：食品安全既是国之大者,亦为民之要者。新中国成立以来,我国食品安全治理体制发生了全面而深刻的变化。本文在历史制度主义视域下对我国食品安全治理体制变迁进行深入分析。在历史制度主义的结构观下,体制变迁过程杂糅了宏观社会背景、中观理念与微观行动者等因素的影响。我国食品安全治理体制可划分为5个阶段:食品行业部门主导的行政管控体制(1949—1978年)、卫生部门主导的混合治理体制(1979—2002年)、多部门并行的分环节治理体制(2003—2012年)、食品药品监管部门主导的专业治理体制(2013—2017年)、市场监管部门主导的综合治理体制(2018年至今)。在历史制度主义的历史观下,体制演变有其更深层次的内在逻辑。在路径依赖的约束、外部关键节点和内部调适作用的共同影响下,我国食品安全治理体制表现出制度均衡与制度转折的不断交互,表现出强大的制度韧性。Food safety is not only important for the nation,but also for its people.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the governance of food safety in our country has undergone comprehensive and profound transformations.This article conducts an in-depth analysis of the evolution of China’s food safety governance system from the perspective of historical institutionalism.Within the structural framework of historical institutionalism,the process of institutional change is influenced by factors such as the macro-social background,meso-level ideas,and micro-level actors.The evolution of China’s food safety governance system can be divided into five stages:the administrative control system led by the food sector(1949-1978),the mixed governance system led by the health department(1979-2002),the multi-departmental parallel segment-wise governance system(2003-2012),the professional governance system led by the food and drug administration(2013-2017),and the comprehensive governance system led by market regulatory authorities(2018 to present).From a historical institutionalist perspective,the evolution of the system reveals a profounder internal logic.Under the constraints of path dependence as well as the joint influence of external key nodes and internal adaptations,China’s food safety governance system exhibits a continuous interaction between institutional balance and institutional transformation,demonstrating strong institutional resilience.

关 键 词：食品安全治理 体制变迁 历史制度主义 机构改革 食药警察 

分 类 号：F203[经济管理—国民经济]