论未成年人司法转处与专门教育的有效衔接  

On the Effective Connection Between Juvenile Judicial Diversion and Specialized Education

作　　者：宋志军[1] Song Zhijun

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2025年第1期13-24,共12页Law-Based Society

摘　　要：专门学校能够承接未成年人司法非刑罚化、非监禁化的转处措施分流出来且可矫治教育必要的涉罪未成年人。未成年人司法转处与专门教育的有效衔接,可以在很大程度上解决掣肘未成年人司法转处制度发展的专业社会支持缺位的问题。未成年人司法转处和专门教育在适用对象上存在交叉关系,二者结合能够充分发挥对罪错未成年人分级干预和综合保护的功能。以最有利于未成年人原则为引领,建议《刑事诉讼法》再修改时将适用非羁押措施、相对不起诉、附条件不起诉、判处缓刑的未成年人纳入专门教育的对象,赋予司法机关在转送专门学校程序中的决定权,设立司法转处措施和专门教育的衔接程序。扩大非羁押措施和不起诉的适用率,进一步提升未成年人司法转处措施的教育矫治和预防犯罪的效果,建立以专门学校为依托的未成年人司法社会支持体系。Specialized schools are capable of accepting minors involved in criminal offenses who have been diverted from non-penal and non-custodial diversion measures in the juvenile justice system and require corrective education.The effective integration of juvenile judicial diversion and specialized education can largely address the issue of the lack of professional social support that has hindered the development of the juvenile justice diversion system.There exists an overlapping relationship between juvenile justice diversion and specialized education in terms of their applicable targets.The combination of the two can fully leverage their functions in graded intervention and comprehensive protection for delinquent minors.Guided by the principle of doing what is in the best interests of minors,it is recommended that during the next revision of the Criminal Procedure Law,minors who are subject to non-custodial measures,relative non-prosecution,conditional non-prosecution,and probation should be included as targets for specialized education.Additionally,judicial authorities should be granted the power to decide on the transfer of minors to specialized schools,and a bridging procedure should be established to connect judicial diversion measures with specialized education.To increase the application rate of non-custodial measures and non-prosecution,and further enhance the educational correction and crime prevention effects of juvenile justice diversion measures,it is necessary to establish a juvenile justice social support system based on specialized schools.

关 键 词：未成年人 司法转处 社会观护 专门教育 社会支持体系 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D922.183[政治法律—法学]