混合菌群降解纤维素产氢特性及群落演替规律研究  

Study on the characteristics of cellulose degradation and hydrogen production by mixed flora and microbial community succession

作　　者：张靖楠 周涵钰 王耀祖 李甜甜 徐清萍 魏涛 ZHANG Jing-nan;ZHOU Han-yu;WANG Yao-zu;LI Tian-tian;XU Qing-ping;WEI Tao(College of Food and Bioengineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业大学食品与生物工程学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《粮食与油脂》2025年第2期120-126,132,共8页Cereals & Oils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21706244);河南省科技攻关项目(182102210162、242102240059)。

摘　　要：采用微晶纤维素作为限制性底物对混合菌群进行驯化,考察在中温发酵条件下混合菌群降解纤维素产氢特性,并采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术探究产氢菌群在富集驯化过程中的演替规律及种群互作规律。结果表明:经过30轮驯化培养获得了具有较强纤维素降解产氢能力的菌群,在35℃下发酵78 h时,利用微晶纤维素产氢的最大累积产氢量和产氢速率分别为264.1 mL/g、10.1 mL/(g·h),纤维素降解率达到86.7%。随着驯化过程的进行,微生物的种群数量和多样性呈明显的演替规律,能够利用微晶纤维素生长的种群活性明显增强,成为优势物种,不能够利用微晶纤维素生长的种群丰度和多样性逐渐降低并趋于稳定;在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为优势菌门;在属水平上,厌氧细杆菌属(Anaerofilum)的丰度逐渐下降,梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)的丰度逐渐升高,并成为驯化末期的优势菌;纤维素降解菌、发酵产氢菌和纤维素降解产氢菌是体系中的主要功能菌群,菌群之间形成的互养关系是实现纤维素降解产氢的主要途径。Microcrystalline cellulose was used as the restricted substrate to domesticate the mixed flora,and the characteristics of cellulose degradation and hydrogen production of the mixed flora under mediumtemperature fermentation conditions were investigated,denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing were employed to explore the succession and interaction of hydrogen-producing microbial communities during the domestication.The results indicated that after 30 rounds of domestication,mixedflora with strong cellulose degradation and hydrogen production capabilities was obtained.When fermented at 35℃for 78 h,the maximum cumulative hydrogen production rate and hydrogen production rate from microcrystalline cellulose were 264.1 mL/g and 10.1 mL/(g·h),respectively,with cellulose degradation efficiency of 86.7%.Throughout the domestication process,the number and diversity of microbial populations showed an obvious succession law,and the activity of the population that could grow using microcrystalline cellulose was significantly enhanced,becoming the dominant species,while the activity of the population that could not grow using microcrystalline cellulose was gradu ally decreased and tended to be stable.At the phylum level,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,and Bacteroidetes were dominant genera.At the genus level,the abundance of Anaerofilum decreased gradually,while Clostridium and Pseudomonas increased and became dominant by the end of the acclimation process.Cellulose degrading bacteria,fermentative hydrogen producing bacteria,and cellulose degrading hydrogen producing bacteria were the main functional microbial communities in the system,and the symbiotic relationship formed between microbial communities was the main way to achieve cellulose degradation and hydrogen production.

关 键 词：混合菌群 驯化 纤维素降解 微生物群落 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]