“精白”之义与儒道心性修养论之异同  

Meanings of"Jing bai"and Differences between Confucian and Daoist Theories on Heart-mind Cultivation

作　　者：卢璐 LU Lu

机构地区：[1]中共山东省委党校文史教研部,山东济南250014

出　　处：《周易研究》2024年第6期45-54,共10页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：中共山东省委党校青年人才专项课题:“黄老和《易传》的道气论比较研究”(23YT019)。

摘　　要：学界在讨论帛书《易传》中的“精白”概念时,常论及其与黄老思想的相通之处。考索相关文献可见,今帛本《易传》与黄老典籍对“精白”“神明”之精神境界和“洗心”“洁宫”等修养工夫有不少相近的表达,但二者的思想其实存在巨大的深层差异:就工夫而言,撰写《易传》的儒家学者主张要在“进德修业”的具体实践中锤炼其心,黄老道家则取虚欲、适情之静修路径;就境界而言,儒家期许由“精白”境界而致用利民,黄老道家则偏重关切一己身心之场域。此差异产生之根源,其一在于两家形上架构之重心不同,即儒家注重阐述本源的生生之用,关注万事万物的变化,而黄老道家侧重论述道的虚静特性与精气的普遍性;其二在于两家对人、道关系的认识不同,即儒家认为人之于道是“参赞”的关系,道的充分展现离不开人的作用,而黄老道家则认为人之于道只能因循、顺从,故黄老典籍常言“参”而不言“赞”;其三在于两家对人性之后天可塑性持不同观点,儒家认为人性应在先天禀赋的基础上持续进益,黄老道家则强调人性的先天完满性。When discussing the concept of"jing bai"(owning features like essential,clear and pure)in the Mawangdui silk manu-script of Yi zhuan,the academic community often discusses its similarities with Yellow Emperor and Lao zi's ideas.According to rel-evant literature,the silk version of Yi zhuan and Huang-Lao Daoist classics have many similar expressions on the spiritual realm of"jing bai"and"shen ming"(spirituality),as well as the cultivation sklls of"ri rin"(refreshing heart-mind)and"jie gong"(re-moving stereotypes and emotions in mind).However,there are actually deep differences in their thoughts:in terms of moral cultiva-tion and practice,the Confucian scholars who wrote the Yi zhuan advocated tempering their hearts in the specific practice of"cultivat-ing virtue and developing business",while the Huang-Lao Daoist school took the path of meditation based on empty desires and comfort emotions;In terms of realm,Confucianism tends to benefit common people through the realm of"jing bai",while the Huang-Lao Daoism emphasizes the concern for one's own body and mind.The root cause of this difference lies in the different cen-ters of the two schools'metaphysical structures.Confucianism emphasizes the explanation of the origin and the use of shengsheng(ceaseless producing),paying attention to the changes of all things,while Huang-Lao Daoism emphasizes emptiness and stilness and the universality of jing qi(essential material force);The second difference lies in the two schools'understanding of the relation-ship between humans and the Dao.Confucianism believes that humans take part in the process of Dao,and the full manifestation of the Dao cannot be separated from the role of humans.However,Huang-Lao Daoism believes that humans can only follow and obey the Dao,so classics of Huang-Lao Daoism often says"participate"rather than"participate in and assist(the transformation and bringing up of heaven and earth)";The third point is that the two schools hold different views on the plasticity of human nature.Con-fucianism believes t

关 键 词：精白 《易传》 黄老 心性修养 精气 心 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]