杨简对《易传》话语的肯定与批评——兼谈杨简与陆九渊易学观之不同  

Yang Jian's Affirmation and Criticism to Some Statements in the Yizhuan

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作  者:翟奎凤 卢珊 ZHAI Kui-feng;LU Shan

机构地区:[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出  处:《周易研究》2024年第6期68-79,共12页Studies of Zhouyi

基  金:国家社科基金项目:“《易传》与宋明理学话语体系建构”(22BZX051)。

摘  要:杨简对《易传》有肯定有批评。他肯定《系辞传》的“无思无为“”寂然不动,感而遂通“”变化云为“”百姓日用而不知“”范围天地“”不疾而速,不行而至“”神无方而易无体”等话语,且从心学的角度予以阐释。但是他批评《系辞传》的“仰观俯察“”易与天地准“”幽明“”死生“”乾坤毁,则无以见易“”道器“”拟议“”继善成性”等段落语句,认为这些皆为不明大道之人所作,有违孔子的一贯之道。陆九渊较少谈论杨简所肯定的《系辞传》话语,而对杨简所否定的那些话多有肯定性阐释。陆九渊、杨简易学观的不同,折射了两人心学思想之异。陆九渊常用“宇宙”一词表示时空无限性,在他的思想中,宇宙、理、心三者一体融通,宇宙、理都是客观存在。杨简很少用“宇宙”一词,他以“道”来取代“理”,认为心即道,天地变化并非纯粹客观,而是与人心主体密不可分的。Yang Jian(1141-1225)had definitely criticized some statements in the Yi zhuan(Commentaries on the Changes).He affrmed the statements of"without thought,without action","keep unmoving in quiet stllness while connecting suddenly at the moment of feeling","changes coming from action","common people use itin daily life without being aware ofit","imitating heaven and earth","being fast with-out speed,arriving without moving","the spirits have no definite direction and Yi does not have any concrete body"in the Xici(Great Trea-tise),and explained them from the perspective of heart-mind theory.However,he criticized the statements such as"observing up and down with respect","Yi echoes the heaven and earth","you ming"(darkness and brightness),"death and birth","Yi would not be discovered if Qian symbolizing heaven and Kun symbolizing earth were destroyed","Dao and utensils","planing and arranging","ji shan cheng ring"(succeeding goodness and completing human nature)in Xici.In his opinion,these sentences are wrote by those who do not understand the real Dao and go against the consistent Dao of Confucius.Lu Jiuyuan(1139-1193)rarely discusses the statements in Xici affirmed by Yang Jian,but provides more affirmative interpretations of the statements denied by Yang Jian.The differences in their views of the Changes reflects the di-vergence in their thoughts on heart-mind theory.Lu Jiuyuan often uses the term"universe"to refer to the infinite nature of time and space.In his thought,the universe,li(meanings and principles)and heart-mind are integrated into one,and both the universe and li are objective exis-tences.Yang Jian rarely uses the term"universe"and he replaces"li"with"Dao"and believes that heart-mind is the Dao,and that the changes between heaven and earth are not purely objective,but are inseparable from the subject of the human heart-mind.

关 键 词:杨简 陆九渊 《易传》 宇宙 天地   

分 类 号:B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]

 

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