草豆蔻果挥发油代谢组及抑菌活性时空特异性分析  

Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity Analysis of Metabolome and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Alpinia hainanensis K.Schum.Fruits

作　　者：田琴 胡璇[2] 王丹[2] 黄英 江芊[2] 陈振夏[2] 王清隆[2] 陈晓鹭 于福来[2] TIAN Qin;HU Xuan;WANG Dan;HUANG Ying;JIANG Qian;CHEN Zhenxia;WANG Qingong;CHEN Xiaou;YU Fuai(School of Pharmacy,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室,海南海口571101

出　　处：《食品科学》2025年第4期191-200,共10页Food Science

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630032022008;1630032022022);国家热带植物种质资源库项目。

摘　　要：研究不同成熟期(花后29、47、73 d)果皮(P1~P3)和种子(S1~S3)挥发油的得率、代谢组与抑菌活性。采样时种子颜色分别为绿色、浅褐色、黑褐色。用超临界CO_(2)萃取法提取挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术结合保留指数进行定性和定量分析,再进行多元统计分析,同时测定抑菌活性,最后通过谱效关联分析筛选抑菌活性的潜在质量标志物。结果表明,种子含油率极显著高于果皮。代谢组学共鉴定到代谢物125个,果皮和种子代谢物种类相似,均以萜类为主,但含量差异显著,果皮中含氧二萜烯类代谢物含量极显著高于种子。层次聚类和主成分分析结果显示果皮和种子显著分离,且随着成熟分离扩大。用正交偏最小二乘判别分析筛选到组间差异代谢物(differentially accumulated metabolites,DAM)124个。在花后29、47、73 d,果皮与种子间DAM分别有91、94、96个,均以含氧单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类、含氧倍半萜烯类为主。对DAM进行京都基因与基因组百科全书通路分析发现,差异通路多与抗逆性有关,可能影响抑菌活性。抑菌实验结果显示,果皮对枯草芽孢杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌抑菌活性显著高于种子。谱效关联分析筛选到果皮抑菌活性的潜在质量标志物30个,以含氧单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类、含氧倍半萜烯类为主。综上,草豆蔻果挥发油代谢组和抑菌活性具有显著时空特异性,突出了果皮作为中药废弃物具有潜在利用价值,并为草豆蔻在食品、药品的研发及应用提供参考。This study examined the yield,metabolome and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from the fruit peel(P1,P2 and P3)and seed(S1,S2 and S3)of Alpinia hainanensis K.Schum.at different maturation stages(29,47,and 73 days after bloom(DAB)).The seeds at the three maturation stages were green,light brown and dark brown in color,respectively.The essential oil,extracted by supercritical CO_(2) extraction,was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)based on retention index(RI).The obtained data were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis.Finally,the potential quality markers for the antibacterial activity were identified by spectrum-effect relationship analysis.The results showed that the oil content of the seed was significantly higher than that of the peel.A total of 125 metabolites were identified by metabolomics,and the types of metabolites were similar in the peel and seed,the dominant ones being terpenoids.However,there was a significant difference in the content of terpenoids between the peel and seed,and the content of oxygenated diterpene metabolites in the peel was significantly higher than that in the seed.Hierarchical agglomerative clustering(HAC)and principal component analysis(PCA)results showed clear separation between the peel and seed,which became more pronounced with increasing maturity.Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)identified 124 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAM)between tissues.At 29,47,and 73 DAB,91,94,and 96 DAM were found between the peel and seed,respectively,all of which were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes,and oxygenated sesquiterpenes.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis of DAM revealed that the differential pathways were mainly related to stress resistance,which might affect the antibacterial activity.The results of antibacterial tests showed that the peel had significantly higher antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis,Listeria monocytogen

关 键 词：草豆蔻 果皮 种子 挥发油 代谢组 抑菌活性 农业废弃物 

分 类 号：R932[医药卫生—生药学] Q946.85[医药卫生—药学]