我国职业本科院校学位学徒制的实践困境及突围策略——基于欧美学位学徒制经验的审视  

The Practica1 Di1emma and Its Breakthrough on the Degree Apprenticeship System in China,s Vocationa1Undergraduate Co11eges——A Review Based on the Experience of Degree Apprenticeship in Europe and the United States

作　　者：刘康 Liu Kang(Southwest University,professor of Chongqing Wuyi Polytechnic,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部 [2]重庆五一职业技术学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2024年第36期68-74,共7页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会职业教育教学改革重大研究项目“重庆职业院校高技能人才一体化培养研究与实践”(GZ221013);重庆教育委员会人文社科项目“技能型社会建设视域下高技能人才成长驱动因素及提升路径研究”(23SKGH473);重庆市职业教育中青年领军人才培养计划(渝教职成函[2023]101号),主持人:刘康。

摘　　要：探索中国特色高层次现代学徒制是我国职业本科教育适应中国式现代化建设的关键举措。我国职业本科院校尚处于本科层次学徒制培养模式的探索阶段,亟须借鉴先行试点学位学徒制国家的经验。英国、美国和瑞士是率先开展学位学徒制改革的国家,并已形成了成熟的实践范式。以我国职业本科院校高层次学徒制探索的本土困境为问题锚点,基于对英国、美国和瑞士的学位学徒制改革实践的梳理,提出了突破现实困境的策略:要完善法律制度顶层设计,推进职业本科学位学徒制的制度性实践;构建多元主体治理格局,强化职业本科学位学徒制的伙伴关系网络;要健全学徒制标准体系,建立多主体、全过程的质量保障机制;完善职普转向机制,建立横纵融贯的现代学徒培养体系。Exploring the high-level modern apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics is a key initiative for China,s vocational undergraduate education to adapt to Chinese-style modernization construction.China,s vocational undergraduate colleges are still in the exploratory stage of the apprenticeship training model at the undergraduate level,and there is an urgent need to learn from the successful experiences of the countries that first piloted the degree apprenticeship system.The United Kingdom,the United States and Switzerland are the countries that have pioneered the reform of degree apprenticeships and have developed a mature practice paradigm.Taking the local dilemma of exploring the high-level apprenticeship system in China,s higher-level undergraduate colleges as the anchor point of the problem,and based on the combining of the degree apprenticeship reform practices in the United Kingdom,the United States and Switzerland,four strategies for breaking through the realistic dilemma are proposed:Firstly,the top-level design of the legal system should be improved to promote the institutional practice of vocational undergraduate degree apprenticeships;secondly,build a multi-actor governance pattern to strengthen the partnership network of vocational undergraduate degree apprenticeships;thirdly,it is necessary to improve the standard system of apprenticeship and establish a multi-body,whole-process quality assurance mechanism;fourthly,improve the mechanism for general vocational training and establish a modern apprenticeship training system that is both horizontal and vertical.

关 键 词：职业本科院校 学位学徒制 职业教育 

分 类 号：G719.2[文化科学—职业技术教育学]