半主动式磁性液体吸振器减振性能研究  

Study on the vibration damping performance of a semiactive magnetic fluid vibration absorber

作　　者：杨文荣[1] 李天宇[1] 李德才[2] 魏乂兼 张明敏 YANG Wenrong;LI Tianyu;LI Decai;WEI Yijian;ZHANG Mingmin(State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300130,China;State Key Laboratory of Tribology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室,天津300130 [2]清华大学摩擦学国家重点实验室,北京100084 [3]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2025年第1期38-44,共7页Experimental Technology and Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51877066)。

摘　　要：为解决长直挠性结构衰减时间较长的问题,该文利用通电线圈改变磁性液体吸振器工作单元的磁回复力,进而改变磁性液体吸振器的刚度系数以增强其减振性能。由于磁性液体吸振器刚度系数与线圈电流呈线性关系,因此根据最优刚度系数理论即可求得最优减振效率时线圈所需电流值。此外该文还对阻尼间隙、磁性液体注入量、黄铜板的长度以及工作温度对于减振性能的影响进行了研究,结果表明当阻尼间隙为2 mm时,磁性液体总注入量为12 mL,减振效率可达67.69%;不同长度黄铜板所对应的最优刚度系数不同,通过调节线圈电流使磁性液体吸振器刚度系数达到最优刚度系数,得到黄铜板长度在1100、1000、900和800 mm时的最优减振效率分别为96.18%、96.14%、97.45%、97.13%;低温条件下会造成磁性液体吸振器减振性能下降,-30℃相较于30℃时减振效率降低9.67%。[Objective]The attenuation of low-frequency,small-amplitude vibrations is a critical concern for long,straight,flexural structures.Such vibrations are common in these structures and can negatively impact their service life and connecting components.Magnetic fluid vibration absorbers offer several advantages,including high sensitivity,long service life,and a simple structure,which make them valuable for attenuating vibrations in long,straight,flexural structures.[Methods]The composite magnet structure demonstrates better suspension stability and damping characteristics than a single magnet.Therefore,the working unit utilized a composite magnet structure with two small ends and a large central portion.Herein,an energized coil was employed to alter the magnetic restoring force of the magnetic fluid vibration absorber working unit,adjusting the stiffness coefficient to enhance its vibration damping performance.[Results]The stiffness coefficient of the magnetic fluid absorber had a linear relationship with the coil current,as determined using a stiffness coefficient test bench.This relationship enables the determination of optimal damping efficiency based on the optimal stiffness coefficient theory.Furthermore,the effects of the damping gap,magnetic fluid injection,brass plate length,and operating temperature on vibration damping performance were investigated.The damping performance of the magnetic fluid vibration absorber was evaluated through its damping efficiency using a damping test rig.The displacement at the lower end of the brass plate was measured with a laser displacement sensor.The damping efficiency of the vibration absorber was evaluated based on the performance of the magnetic fluid.Initially,damping gaps of 1,2,and 3 mm were selected for current-free experiments at room temperature to determine the optimal housing size.The results indicated that large and small damping gaps reduced the damping efficiency,whereas the damping efficiency saturated with the increasing magnetic fluid injection.When the dampi

关 键 词：磁性液体吸振器 刚度系数 半主动控制 工作温度 

分 类 号：TH89[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TB535.1[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]