联邦、地方与司法共建美国资优教育立法体系  

Federal,Local,and Judicial Co-Construction of the U.S.Legislative System for Gifted Education

作　　者：朱海燕 ZHU Haiyan(ECUPL Academy for China's Rule-of-Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201600,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院,上海201600

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2025年第1期14-30,共17页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：2024年度上海市重点智库课题“拔尖创新人才培养的政策法规保障研究”(项目编号:C-3001-24-008a)。

摘　　要：美国资优教育立法体系为识别、选拔和培养资优学生提供了完备的法律保障。联邦政府从资优定义、项目资助、项目服务、奖助支持和公私合作等方面,建立了以有限援助为核心的资优教育立法体系。各州立法在专业导向下呈现多元化、差异化特征,内容涵盖资优学生定义与识别、安置与培养、评估与问责、争议解决条款。作为判例法国家,联邦和各州资优教育立法在司法判例中得到了相应解释和续造。法院倾向于尊重学校和行政机关的专业判断,采谦抑克制立场对平等保护等事项展开审查。基于美国经验,我国应建立对资优教育的科学认识,依托教育法典编纂进程审慎有序推进立法,提升资优教育立法实施的专业性和包容性,保持司法审查的适度性和权利保护的平等性。The US gifted education legislative system provides comprehensive legal safeguards for the identification,selection and development of gifted students.The federal government has established a gifted education legislative system with limited assistance at its core,in terms of defining giftedness,funding programs,program services,scholarship support and public-private cooperation.State legislation is characterized by diversity and differentiation under professional guidance,covering the definition and identification of gifted students,placement and development,assessment and accountability,and dispute resolution.As a country of case law,federal and state gifted education legislation has been interpreted and renewed accordingly in judicial precedents.Courts tend to respect the professional judgment of schools and administrative authorities,and adopt a restrained position in reviewing matters such as equal protection.Based on the American experience,China should establish a scientific understanding of gifted education,carefully and orderly promote legislation based on the process of codifying education laws,improve the professionalism and inclusiveness of gifted education legislation implementation,and maintain the proportionality of judicial review and the equality of rights protection.

关 键 词：美国 资优教育立法 司法审查 拔尖创新人才 教育法典 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]