贺兰山东麓不同品种酿酒葡萄需冷量研究  

Cooling requirements of different wine grape varietiesin the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain

作　　者：李娜 张磊[1,2] 尚艳 姜琳琳 李阳 徐蕊 LI Na;ZHANG Lei;SHANG Yan;JIANG Linlin;LI Yang;XU Rui(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002,China;Ningxia Key Lab of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2025年第1期85-90,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41965009);宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC02074,2024AAC03415)。

摘　　要：以贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄主栽品种赤霞珠、霞多丽、美乐,黑比诺和马瑟兰1年生枝条为试材,采用保鲜冷库冷藏结合苗床升温催芽的方式,设置土内催芽和扦插催芽,研究不同时长的低温处理与酿酒葡萄萌芽率的关系,采用经典的≤7.2℃模型确定其需冷量。结果显示:在≤7.2℃温度范围内,随着冷藏时间增加,土内升温催芽和扦插升温催芽两种方式下各品种的萌芽率均增加。以萌芽率达到60%为阈值,土内升温催芽方式下赤霞珠、霞多丽、美乐、黑比诺和马瑟兰酿酒葡萄冬芽打破休眠的冷藏日数依次为16.9、1.4、5.3、16.8、10.0 d,需冷量依次为610、238、331、607、444 h;以萌芽率达到70%为阈值,各品种冷藏日数依次为32.5、7.5、17.6、25.8、25.8 d,需冷量依次为984、384、626、823、823 h。以萌芽率达到60%和70%为阈值,扦插催芽方式下5个品种的需冷量依次为1178、413、1205、593、1212 h和1356、598、1442、710、1308 h。各品种酿酒葡萄的需冷量在土内升温催芽方式下明显低于扦插升温催芽方式。在扦插催芽方式下,以萌芽率达到70%为阈值,中晚熟品种赤霞珠、美乐和马瑟兰的需冷量介于1300~1450 h之间,明显高于早熟品种霞多丽和黑比诺590~710 h的需冷量。Using annual branches from the main cultivated varieties—Cabernet Sauvignon,Chardonnay,Merlot,Pinot Noir,and Marselan—grown in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain as test materials,this study explored the relationship between low-temperature treatments of varying durations and the germination rate of wine grapes.The method involved refrigeration in fresh-keeping cold storage followed by heating the seedbed to promote germination.Using the classic ≤7.2℃model to determine its cooling demand.The results showed that within the temperature range of ≤7.2℃,as the refrigeration time increased,the germination rate of each variety increased under both soil heating and cutting heating methods.The cold storage days for breaking dormancy in winter buds of five grape varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon,Chardonnay,Merlot,Pinot Noir,and Marselan were 16.9,1.4,5.3,16.8 d and 10.0 d,with germination rates reaching 60%.The cooling requirements were 610,238,331,607 h and 444 h,respectively,with a germination rate of 70% as the indicator.The refrigeration days were 32.5,7.5,17.6,25.8 d and 25.8 d and the cooling requirements were 984,384,626,823 h and 823 h.The cooling requirements for the five varieties under the cutting and germination method,with germination rates of 60% and 70% as thresholds,were 1 178,413,1 205,593,1 212 h and 1356,598,1 442,710,1 308 h,respectively.The cooling requirements of various varieties of wine grapes under the method of burying soil and promoting sprouting were significantly lower than those under the method of cutting and promoting sprouting.Based on a germination rate of 70%,the cooling requirements of mid to late maturing varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon,Merlot,and Marselan range from 1 300 to 1 450 hours,which was significantly higher than the cooling requirements of early maturing varieties such as Chardonnay and Pinot Noir at around 590 to 710 hours.

关 键 词：酿酒葡萄 需冷量 萌芽率 催芽方式 ≤7.2℃模型 贺兰山东麓 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S605[农业科学—园艺学]