原始儒家的道德本体观——“生”的哲学特性与伦理品格  

The Original Confucian Concept of Moral Ontology——The philosophical Character and Ethical Character of“Sheng”

作　　者：徐佰义 Xu Baiyi

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学,上海200030

出　　处：《现代交际》2024年第3期78-88,123-124,共13页Modern Communication

基　　金：2023年度上海师范大学博士研究生拔尖人才培育项目“天人合德:原始儒家人文精神的伦理建构——兼论与中国式现代化精神文明建设的契合性”(209—AC9103—23—368072025)

摘　　要：原始儒家的道德本体观是以天道为形上依据而建构的以“仁”为本的人道本体观。“生”贯通了原始儒家道德本体观的形上依据与形成理路,体现了原始儒家道德本体观的思维根系,即“生”贯通了天之“元”德与人之“仁”德,凸显出强烈的哲学特性和伦理品格,成为儒家文化哲学特性的重要标志。孔孟继续深化了原始儒家的道德本体观,在物质层面,表现为对获取物质利益的手段正当性的道德权衡,即儒家“见利思义”的德性主义观;在精神层面,表现为以情为本的情本体观,即儒家“仁者爱人”的情感主义伦理观。原始儒家道德本体观的理论困境集中表现为人性论的认知困境。原始儒家道德本体观具有一定当代价值。在理论层面,它建构了原始儒家的哲学理论体系,在一定程度上消解了儒家无哲学的质疑之声;在现实层面,它启迪人们对道德理想与人生信念的追求,不忘初心,并且是家庭教育与学校教育可以利用的良好文化资源。The original Confucian moral ontology is a humanist ontology based on"benevolence",which is based on the Heavenly Way."Sheng"penetrates the metaphysical basis and formation path of the original Confucian moral ontology,and reflects the thinking root of the original Confucian moral ontology,that is,“Sheng”penetrates the“yuan”virtue of heaven and the“benevolence”virtue of man,highlights the strong philosophical and ethical characteristics,and becomes an important symbol of the philosophical characteristics of Confucian culture.Confucius and Mencius continued to deepen the original Confucian concept of moral noumenon.In the material aspect,it is manifested as the moral balance of the legitimacy of the means to obtain material benefits,that is,the Confucianist concept of“seeing benefits and thinking of righteousness”.At the spiritual level,it is manifested as the emotionalism ontology view based on emotion,that is,the emotionalism ethics view of“benevolence lovers”of Confucianism.The theoretical dilemma of the original Confucian ontological view of morality is the cognitive dilemma of the theory of human nature.The original Confucian moral ontology has a certain contemporary value.At the theoretical level,it constructs the philosophical theory system of the original Confucianism,and dispels the question of Confucianism without philosophy to a certain extent.In reality,it inspires people’s pursuit of moral ideals and life beliefs,never forgetting the original intention,and is a good cultural resource that family education and school education can use.

关 键 词：生 仁义 仁本体 道德本体 原始儒家 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]