《道德经》中有无慈爱思想再辨——兼论老子哲学的定位和旨趣  

Reconsideration of the Thought on Kindness in the Tao Te Ching—And Discuss the Positioning and Purpose of Laozi’s Philosophy

作　　者：李福龙 Li Fulong

机构地区：[1]西北大学,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《现代交际》2024年第8期87-96,123-124,共12页Modern Communication

摘　　要：春秋末期“礼坏乐崩”的动荡时局让身处其中的老子对政治环境和政治措施问题进行了深入思考,最终形成了自己完整的哲学思想体系。最好的政治环境存在于“道”还没有被“天下裂”之时,老子以此为根基来阐发自己的哲学思想。由“今”而述“古”,去描绘“道”之全貌,这是老子哲学的定位和旨趣。在最好的政治环境中,“万物”之“德”自然显现,因此不需要慈爱行为;“万物”之“德”各不相同,因而慈爱会导致“伤德”和“害性”的结果。在老子的哲学思想体系中,不仅不需要慈爱思想,而且更不能有慈爱思想。老子哲学的定位和旨趣决定了《道德经》中无慈爱思想,亦无自私冷漠之意。In the turbulent period of the late Spring and Autumn period,where“Li is bad and Yue is broken”,Laozi criticized his era while also contemplating the best political environment and political measures,ultimately forming his own complete philosophical thinking system.The best political environment exists before“Dao”has been“broken down”,and Laozi uses it as the foundation to expound his philosophical ideas.The positioning and purpose of Laozi’s philosophy is to describe the whole picture of“Dao”from“present”to“ancient”.In the best political environment,the“De”of all things naturally manifests,so there is no need for compassionate behavior;The“De”of all things are differ-ent,so kindness can lead to the consequences of harming“De”and harming nature.In Laozi’s philosophical thought system,not only is there no need for the idea of kindness,but there is also no need for the idea of kindness.The positioning and purpose of Laozi’s philosophy determine that the Tao Te Ching lacks the concept of kindness,selfishness,and indifference.

关 键 词：老子 慈 慈爱 无为 

分 类 号：B223[哲学宗教—中国哲学]