基于生理生化指标的小麦生理后熟期快速判定  

Rapid Judgment of Physiological After-Ripening Period in Wheat Grains Based on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics

作　　者：田奇生 崔春晓 张鸿一 吴琼 梅雪丽 张咚咚 张玉荣[1] Tian Qisheng;Cui Chunxiao;Zhang Hongyi;Wu Qiong;Mei Xueli;Zhang Dongdong;Zhang Yurong(School of Food and Strategic Reserves,Henan University of Technology,Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Security of Ministry of Education,Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center on Grain Post harvest,Zhengzhou 450001;Hangzhou Grain Storage Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311100;Shaoling Branch of Sinograin Luohe Depot Led.Company 3,Luohe 462000)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学粮食和物资储备学院,粮食储藏与安全教育部工程研究中心,河南省粮食产后减损工程技术研究中心,郑州450001 [2]杭州市粮食收储有限公司,杭州311100 [3]中央储备粮漯河直属库有限公司召陵分公司,漯河462000

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2025年第1期33-42,共10页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：“科创中原”青年人才托举工程项目(2023HYTP028);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-03);中国科协第九届青年人才托举工程项目(YESS20230131)。

摘　　要：新收获小麦籽粒后熟期间的生理生化变化会导致其储藏稳定性较差,加工利用受到限制。目前用来评价小麦后熟期是否完成的指标只有发芽率。本研究以具有生理后熟作用的12种小麦为研究对象(发芽率<80%),将其在室温(25℃)下储藏至生理后熟期结束(50 d,发芽率>80%)。通过测定小麦籽粒后熟期内生理生化指标的变化,探索快速判定小麦生理后熟期的指标和方法。结果表明,在后熟期内12种小麦的发芽率呈逐渐上升趋势,第50天时均超过80%,完成生理后熟。所有小麦中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶活性和游离巯基(-SH)的含量均呈显著下降趋势;除BN4199外,其他品种小麦的二硫键(-SS-)含量呈显著上升的趋势;ROS代谢的加速促进了小麦籽粒后熟期的完成,其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先下降后上升的趋势,而H_(2)O_(2)含量和O_(2)^(-·)的生成速率与之相反。相关性、主成分和聚类分析表明,以CAT、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶活性、-SH和-SS-含量建立的生理后熟期预测方程可作为小麦生理后熟期快速判定的方法。The physiological and biochemical variations during after-ripening period of newly harvested wheat kernels can lead to poor storage stability and limited processing and utilization.At present,the only index used to evaluate whether the wheat after-ripening period is completed is the germination rate.In this study,wheat varieties with physiological after-ripening period(germination rate<80%)were stored at room temperature(25℃)until the end of the physiological after-ripening period(50 d,germination rate>80%).The changes in physiological and biochemical indicators during the after-ripening period of wheat grains were analyzed to explore the indicators and methods for judging the wheat physiological after-ripening period.The results indicated that the germination rate of all 12 wheats increased significantly with the storage time,and all of them exceeded 80%at 50 days,completing the physiological after-ripening.Catalase(CAT),α-amylase andβ-amylase activities as well as free sulfhydryl(-SH)content showed a significant decreasing trend;the disulfide bond(-SS-)content showed a significant increasing trend in all varieties of wheat except BN4199;the acceleration of ROS metabolism promoted the completion of after-ripening period in wheat grain,in which the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of wheat kernels showed a decreasing and then increasing trend during the after-ripening period,in contrast to the H_(2)O_(2)content and the rate of O_(2)^(-·)production.Correlation,principal component and cluster analysis indicated that the physiological after-ripening period prediction equations established with CAT,α-amylase,β-amylase activity,-SH and-SS-content could be used as a method for the rapid judgement of physiological after-ripening period in wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 后熟期 生理生化 判定 不同品种 

分 类 号：TS210.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]