石料矿山生态修复的无人机监测与生态修复成效评估——以天津市蓟州北部山区东后子峪矿区为例  

Uav monitoring and evaluation of ecological restoration in stone mines--A case study of Donghouziyu mining area in the northern mountainous area of Jizhou,Tianjin

作　　者：高洪生[1] 王瑶[1] 杨圣坤[1] 王永立[1] 王雷生 王国琦 GAO Hong-sheng;WANG Yao;YANG Sheng-kun;WANG Yong-li;WANG Lei-sheng;WANG Guo-qi(Tianjin Institute of Geological Survey,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市地质调查研究院,天津300191

出　　处：《环境生态学》2025年第1期12-20,共9页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：天津市地质矿产开发局依据“津财预指〔2023〕100号”文件下达地矿任〔2023〕5号任务书资助。

摘　　要：工作区位于天津市蓟州区北部山区,早期因开采白云石料损毁土地和植被等形成开采创伤面和地质灾害隐患,严重破坏了山区的地质环境,东后子峪矿区作为天津市的地质环境综合治理一期工程已经完成矿山生态修复工作。本次研究利用无人机航测中激光雷达和多光谱摄影技术,对东后子峪矿山生态修复成效进行监测评估,结合现场的林地样方调查,总结出无人机监测林地长势情况与实地林地样方调查对比分析,结果显示97株乔木样方调查数据与无人机遥感影像单木提取数据对比,82株单木参数相匹配,检出率达到84.54%。通过对生态修复矿山的综合调查、采集数据,结合国内外生态修复成效评估技术现状和技术指导要求,构建废弃矿山生态修复成效评价指标,确定的准则层为生态效益、经济效益和社会效益3项,指标层为植被覆盖度(FVC)、林木高度、冠幅面积、土地利用多样性、工程布设效果、地形坡度、地质灾害隐患清理程度、植物群落盖度、植物群落完整性、景观特色性、景观协调程度、植物观赏性、效益费用比、固碳收益和人均环境满意度15项。利用层次分析法结合模糊隶属度法综合开展东后子峪矿山生态修复效果成效评估,为其他废弃矿山开展生态修复监测和成效评估提供示范。The work area is located in the northern mountainous area of Jizhou District,Tianjin.In the early stage,the land and vegetation were damaged by dolomite mining,which formed mining wound surface and geological hazards,and seriously damaged the geological environment of the mountainous area.Donghouziyu mining area,as the first phase of the comprehensive geological environment management project of Tianjin,has completed the ecological restoration work of the mine.In this study,LiDAR and multi-spectral photography technologies in UAV aerial survey were used to monitor and evaluate the ecological restoration effectiveness of Donghouziyu Mine.Combined with the field forest quadrat survey,a comparative analysis was concluded between the forest growth situation monitored by UAV and the field forest quadrat survey.The results showed that 97 tree quadrat survey data were compared with the single tree extraction data of UAV remote sensing image.The detection rate of 82 individual trees was 84.54%.Through comprehensive investigation and data collection of ecological restoration mines,combined with the current status and technical guidance requirements of ecological restoration effectiveness evaluation at home and abroad,the evaluation index of ecological restoration effectiveness of abandoned mines is established,and the criterion layer is determined as three items:ecological benefit,economic benefit and social benefit.The index layers were 15 items,including vegetation coverage(FVC),tree height,crown area,land use diversity,engineering layout effect,topographic slope,clearance degree of geological hazards,plant community coverage,plant community integrity,landscape characteristics,landscape coordination degree,plant ornamental value,benefit-cost ratio,carbon sequestration income and per capita environmental satisfaction.The evaluation of ecological restoration effect of Donghouziyu Mine was carried out by AHP combined with fuzzy membership degree method,which provided a demonstration for other abandoned mines to carry out e

关 键 词：生态修复 激光雷达 多光谱 地质环境监测 成效评估 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]