思茅区生态茶园套种樟科植物对茶叶品质的影响  

Effects of Camphor Plants on Tea Plant Quality in Ecological Tea Gardens in Simao District

作　　者：杨仁丹 李芬 严亮 刘丽 彭文书 YANG Rendan;LI Fen;YAN Liang;LIU Li;PENG Wenshu(College of Tea(Pu’er),West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences,Pu’er,Yunnan 665000,China;Pu’er Institute of Pu-erh Tea,Pu’er,Yunnan 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]滇西应用技术大学普洱茶学院,云南普洱665000 [2]普洱茶研究院,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第12期6-12,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目创新引导与科技型企业培育计划乡村振兴科技专项——云南省普洱市思茅区茶叶产业科技特派团(No.202104BI090008);滇西应用技术大学茶产品创新与资源综合利用科技创新团队项目(No.2021KYPT0002)。

摘　　要：以套种樟科树种云南樟、天竺桂下的茶园茶树品种(云抗10号、长叶白毫、云瑰)为研究对象,分别于春、夏、秋季采取一芽二叶的鲜叶制成茶样,测定其理化成分、感官品质和香气成分。结果表明:无遮阴(对照组)和套种樟科植物的茶样茶多酚及咖啡碱含量均偏高;长叶白毫茶样的茶多酚和氨基酸含量最高,云瑰茶样的咖啡碱含量最高。从不同季节不同樟科套种茶样中各香气成分来看,主要是套种树种影响茶样香气成分,香气成分中以花香型的烯烃类物质为主,主要为具有清新、草木的气息右旋萜二烯。无遮阴组茶样表现出挥发性物质分布分散,而套种云南樟和天竺桂茶样中的挥发性成分集中在醇类、酯类、酸类、烷烃类、烯烃类。季节上来看,云抗10号醇类物质相对含量秋季(21.90%)>春季(11.29%)>夏季(1.50%),其中,秋季云南樟套种的云抗10号醇类物质高达24.56%。不同季节显示,春季与秋季醇类物质种类丰富且含量高于夏季,具有呈花蜜气味的2,2,6-三甲基-6-乙烯基四氢-2H-呋喃-3-醇;春季云南樟套种,具有温暖的草香,稍有呈木香和花香的2-(4-亚甲基环己基)-2-丙烯醇;秋季套种天竺桂的茶样具有呈明显干草香气的2,6-壬二烯醇、芳樟醇。由此可见,茶园套种樟科树种对茶样品质提升起到了重要作用。Different tea varieties(Camellia sinensis var.assamica cv.Yunkang10,C.sinensis var.assamica cv.Yungui,and C.sinensis var.assamica cv.Changye-baihao)interplanted with camphor(Cinnamomum glanduliferum)and C.japonicum Sieb were used as research objects.The unshaded tea garden was used as the control group.Tea samples were made from one bud and two leaves in spring,summer,and autumn,and their physical and chemical components,sensory qualities,and aroma components were analyzed.The results revealed that the tea samples without shade(the control group)and with Lauraceae added presented high contents of tea polyphenols and caffeine;the long leaves presented the highest contents of polyphenols and amino acids and the highest content of caffeine.In different seasons,the aroma compositions of different camphor-interplanted tea samples differ,and aroma differences play a key role in the aroma composition,aroma composition,and aroma composition of the floral olefin material,with fresh,vegetation breath,and main ethanol,and tea samples from the unshaded group show a dispersed distribution of volatile substances.In addition,the aromas of C.glanduliferum and C.japonicum Sieb cinnamon tea samples,which are volatile ingredients focused on alcohols,esters,acids,alkanes,and olefins,differ.Specifically,the relative content of alcohols in C.sinensis var.assamica cv.Yunkang10 shows autumn(21.90%)>spring(11.29%)>summer(1.50%),among which the content of no.10 alcohols in autumn is as high as 24.56%.Different seasons,spring and autumn,are rich in alcohol and summer,with a nectar odor of 2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl tetrahydrogen-2H-furan-3-alcohol;C.glanduliferum,which is interplanted in spring,has a warm grass fragrance and is slightly woody and floral 2-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-2-propyenol;and the tea sample in autumn has a distinct hay aroma of 2,6-nonadienol and linalool.Interplanting camphor trees in tea gardens is crucial in improving the quality of tea samples.

关 键 词：茶园套种 大叶种茶 樟科 香气物质 茶叶品质 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]