从汉语“吃食堂”类语言现象及其英译看汉英主客离合特质  

Integration and separation of subject and object between Chinese and English:A case study of the Chinese language phenomena like“eating canteen”and their English translations

作　　者：何伟 马宸 HE Wei;MA Chen

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中国外语与教育研究中心,北京市100089

出　　处：《外语教学理论与实践》2024年第6期44-55,共12页Foreign Language Learning Theory And Practice

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“汉外多语种词汇语法功能视角对比研究”(22JJD740010);北京外国语大学“双一流”建设科研项目“汉英功能句法结构数据库建设及句法分析计算机程序研发”(YY19SSK04)的部分成果。

摘　　要：本文从系统功能语言学视角对汉语“吃食堂”类语言现象及其英译进行对比研究,旨在透过汉英语言的表征特点探究两种语言背后的民族哲学思维方式特质。文章首先指出,“吃食堂”类现象的本质是语义层和词汇语法层之间交互错配产生的一种语法隐喻,可划分为经验隐喻类和逻辑隐喻类,而英语中鲜有与之对应的语法隐喻现象。其次,具体分析了经验和逻辑隐喻类“吃食堂”现象以及英译的语义和句法特点,发现汉英语言在语码、编码、解码、认知四个方面均呈现主客离合程度的差异。结合对中西方哲学思维传统的讨论,本文认为两种语言的本质差异在于汉语注重主客融合,英语注重主客分离。From the perspective of systemic functional linguistics,this article conducts a contrastive study of the Chinese language phenomena like“eating canteen”and their English translations,which is aimed to explore the underlying philosophical thinking modes of Chinese and English.First of all,the article defines the Chinese language phenomena like“eating canteen”as grammatical metaphors originating from the tension between the semantic and lexicogrammatical strata.It is argued that such grammatical metaphors can be further divided into experiential metaphors and logical metaphors,and it is found that there are no such corresponding metaphors in English.Then the article explores the semantic and syntactic characteristics of grammatical metaphors concerning the Chinese language phenomena like“eating canteen”and their English translations,and finds that Chinese and English show differences in the mode of subject-object relationship in terms of code-choice,coding,decoding,and cognition.Based on the interpretation of the traditions of Chinese and Western philosophical thinking,this article suggests that the essential difference between the two languages is that Chinese is featured by the integration of subject and object while English is featured by the separation of subject and object.

关 键 词：“吃食堂”类语言现象 语法隐喻 汉英对比 主客关系 语言本质差异 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]