修己以共生:蔡元培美育说的道德进路与文明图景  

Self-cultivation for Coexistence:The Moral Logic and CivilizationLandscape of Cai Yuanpei's Aesthetic Education Theory

作　　者：王世巍 WANG Shiwei(School of Humanities,Xidian University,Xi'an 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学人文学院,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《美育学刊》2025年第1期33-41,共9页Journal of Aesthetic Education

基　　金：西安电子科技大学研究生教育教学研究项目(JGYB2420)的研究成果。

摘　　要：1900年初,蔡元培在赴任浙江剡山书院途中所拟定的《剡山二戴两书院学约》,是他早年一篇研究者鲜为关注、实则十分重要的教育理论著述。借助直观且富有人文情感意蕴的“工食之理”,《剡山学约》阐发并论证了“益己益世”的初始学习动机,并意图引导学生逐渐树立“有用之学、人格自立、文明进步”的宏远求学理想。以素朴的道德感悟和社会分工互助关系为哲学根底的《剡山学约》,可谓是蔡氏以美育代宗教之主张的思想雏形。它其实直接预示了蔡氏此后在文明史论、互助主义思潮的影响下,以及在对康德审美无功利论点的汲取中所逐渐构建的人类美育共同体理想。In early 1900,Cai Yuanpei drafted the“Learning Agreement for Two Academies of Shanshan and Erdai”while on his way to Zhejiang Shanshan Academy,which was a very important educational theory work that was rarely studied by researchers in his early years.With the help of the intuitive and emotionally rich“principle of labor and food”,the“Learning Agreement”elaborates and demonstrates the initial learning motivation of“benefiting oneself and the world”,and intends to guide students to gradually establish the lofty ideal of“useful learning,independent personality,and civilized progress”.The Agreement,based on the philosophical foundation of simple moral insights and social division of labor and mutual assistance,can be regarded as the ideological prototype of Cai's proposal to replace religion with aesthetic education,which directly foreshadows the ideal of a human aesthetic education community gradually constructed by Cai Yuanpei under the influence of civilization history,mutual aid ideology,and the absorption of Kant's aesthetic non-utilitarian argument.

关 键 词：《剡山二戴两书院学约》 自立人格 文明进化 美育 蔡元培 

分 类 号：G40-014[文化科学—教育学原理]