马鞍山市小龙虾中砷和铅的污染状况及健康风险评估  

Pollution Status and Health Risk Assessment of Arsenic and Plumbum in Crayfish in Maanshan City

作　　者：蒋安然 汪阳 李勇[1] 吴起乐 翟光富[1] JIANG Anran;WANG Yang;LI Yong;WU Qile;ZHAI Guangfu(Maanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Maanshan 243000,China)

机构地区：[1]马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《食品安全导刊》2025年第4期50-53,57,共5页China Food Safety Magazine

基　　金：马鞍山市医疗卫生领域科技计划项目(YL-2022-30)。

摘　　要：目的:了解马鞍山市小龙虾中砷(As)和铅(Pb)的污染状况并评估其健康风险。方法:采用电感耦合等离子质谱法分别对小龙虾全虾、肝胰腺以及虾肉样本中As和Pb含量进行检测。使用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法分别对小龙虾中As和Pb的污染程度进行评价。利用蒙特卡罗模拟评估小龙虾中As和Pb对人体的致癌风险。结果:小龙虾肝胰腺中As超出国家标准限值,超标率为97.5%。单因子污染指数法结果显示,全虾中As为轻度污染,肝胰腺中As为重度污染,虾肉中As和所有样本中Pb均为安全等级。内梅罗综合污染指数法结果显示,肝胰腺中As为轻度污染;全虾、虾肉中As和所有样本中Pb均为安全等级。该地区小龙虾中As和Pb对人体的致癌风险较小。结论:马鞍山市小龙虾中As和Pb对人体健康的风险尚在可接受范围内,但仍然存在潜在风险,特别是重金属As,应引起关注,通过科学监测,以降低膳食暴露风险。Objective:To investigate the status of arsenic(As)and plumbum(Pb)contamination in crayfish in Maanshan city and to assess their health risks.Method:Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine the content of As and Pb in whole crayfish,hepatopancreas and shrimp meat samples,respectively.Single-factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method were used to evaluate the pollution degree of As and Pb in crayfish.The use of Monte Carlo simulations to assess the carcinogenic risk of As and Pb in crayfish to humans.Result:As in crayfish hepatopancreas exceeded the national standard limit,and the rate was 97.5%.Single factor pollution index method showed that As in whole shrimp was mildly polluted,As in hepatopancreas was severely polluted,As in shrimp meat and Pb in all samples were safe levels.The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index showed that As was slightly polluted in hepatopancreas.As in whole shrimp,shrimp meat and Pb in all samples were safe levels.As and Pb in crayfish from this area pose less carcinogenic risk to humans.Conclusion:The risk of As and Pb in crayfish in Maanshan city to human health is still within the acceptable range,but there are still potential risks,especially heavy metal As,which should be paid attention to through scientific monitoring to reduce dietary exposure risk.

关 键 词：小龙虾 砷 铅 电感耦合等离子质谱法 污染指数法 

分 类 号：TS254.7[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程] O657.63[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]