咖啡新品种‘德热5号’的选育与抗锈性研究  

Breeding and Rust Resistance of a New Coffee Variety'Dere No.5'

作　　者：赵明珠[1] 赵萍香 马关润 萧自位[1] 郭铁英[1] 白学慧[1] 李锦红[1] 周华[1] ZHAO Mingzhu;ZHAO Pingxiang;MA Guanrun;XIAO Ziwei;GUO Tieying;BAI Xuehui;LI Jinhong;ZHOU Hua(Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute,Ruili 678600,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]云南省德宏热带农业科学研究所,云南瑞丽678600

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2025年第1期10-20,26,共12页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：国家热带植物种质资源库咖啡种质资源分库(NTPGRC2019-今);国家木薯产业技术体系咖啡云南德宏综合试验站(CARS-11-YNLJH);云南省基础研究专项(202401AT070027)。

摘　　要：为选育具有株型好、优质、高产和抗锈病性等优良性状的咖啡新品种,从葡萄牙热带研究所(IICT)咖啡锈病研究中心(CIFC)引进育种材料‘SL16-Cavimor20’,通过系统选育程序,育成优良咖啡新品种‘德热5号’。该品种区域性试验的平均鲜果产量为969.03~1172.16kg/666.7m^(2),比对照‘卡蒂姆7963’增产2.56%~19.09%;生产性试验的平均鲜果产量为958.21~1240.43kg/666.7m^(2),比对照增产9.74%~21.41%,产量表现突出。区域性试验的平均杯品质量分数为81.17~84.76,比对照增加0.42%~3.68%;生产性试验的平均杯品质量分数为81.25~82.42,比对照增加0.42%~2.91%。该品种抗锈性田间鉴定结果为高抗,适宜在普洱、德宏、保山、临沧等咖啡种植区推广。研究结果可为我国实现咖啡良种化生产提供新的品种选择,对促进咖农增产增收、咖啡产业提质增效具有重要意义。In order to breed new coffee varieties with excellent traits such as good plant type,high quality,high yield and rust resistance,the breeding material'SL16-Cavimor20'was introduced from the Coffee Rust Research Center(CIFC)of the Portuguese Tropical Research Institute(IICT).Through the systematic breeding procedure,an excellent new coffee variety'Dere No.5'was developed.In the regional trials,the average fresh fruit yield of this variety was 969.03-1172.16 kg/666.7 m^(2),with an increase of 2.56%-19.09%compared to the control variety'Catimor 7963'.In the production trials,the average fresh fruit yield was 958.21-1240.43 kg/666.7 m^(2),with an increase of 9.74%-21.41%compared to the control,showing an outstanding performance in yield.In the regional trials,the average cupping quality score was 81.17-84.76,with an increase of 0.42%-3.68%compared to the control.In the production trials,the average cupping quality score was 81.25-82.42,with an increase of 0.42%-2.91%compared to the control.The result of field identification for rust resistance was highly resistant.It was suitable for the popularization in coffee planting areas such as Pu'er,Dehong,Baoshan and Lincang.This research could provide a new variety for the realization of improved coffee seed production in China and was of great significance for promoting coffee yield and the farmers'income increase as well as improving the quality and efficiency of the coffee industry.

关 键 词：‘德热5号’ 咖啡 选育 高产 优质 抗锈 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]