岩质边坡生态修复基材配比及性能研究  

Composition and properties of soil substrates for the ecological restoration of rocky slopes

作　　者：苏丹辉 颜阳 王永忠 张济法 冯海波 李冉 谭思祺 段佳文 周建伟 SU Danhui;YAN Yang;WANG Yongzhong;ZHANG Jifa;FENG Haibo;LI Ran;TAN Siqi;DUAN Jiawen;ZHOU Jianwei(School of Environment Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute Co.Ltd.,China Power Engineering Consulting Group,Wuhan 430071,China;School of Geography&Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 500025,China;Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430078 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)地理与信息工程学院,武汉430078 [3]中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司,武汉430071 [4]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳500025 [5]自然资源部矿山生态效应与系统修复重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2025年第1期251-261,共11页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077182,42030706)。

摘　　要：随着经济的高速发展,矿产资源开发、道路电力等基础设施的建设产生了大量岩质边坡,对区域生态系统产生了严重影响。由于工艺简单、经济高效的特点,客土喷播技术广泛应用于岩质边坡的生态修复工作。但传统喷播基材黏结性及稳定性较差,导致高陡岩质边坡的修复效果不可持续。因此,亟需开发针对性的生态修复基材。通过盆栽实验和正交实验,探索了不同配比的基材性质的优劣,包括基材保水性、水平收缩率、容重、植物发芽株数、植物生长高度,并筛选出性能优良的土壤基材。在此基础上,通过抗冲刷实验,分析筛选出土壤基材的抗冲刷性能,并进一步筛选出适用于高陡岩质边坡生态修复的最优配比基材。结果表明,适量的保水剂可提高植物的发芽率与生长高度,而稍高含量的黏结剂(wB大于0.15%)不仅使植物的生长高度减小,还会降低植物的生长速率;不同配比基材的性能具有明显差异,但各项指标几乎都优于空白对照组的自然土壤;经过筛选,基材P6、P10、P16、P1、P15的植物生长状况、物理结构及保水性良好;随着坡度和降雨强度的升高,基材流失量明显增加,并且基材P15具有优越的抗冲刷性能。因此,当边坡坡度较小(60°以下)或者偶发大雨时,基材可直接应用于边坡生态修复;当边坡坡度较大(60°以上)或者频发大到暴雨时,基材应用时应搭配防护网等工程。该研究对于岩质边坡的生态修复具有重要的指导意义。[Objective]With the rapid development of the economy in China,the exploration of mineral resources and the construction of roads,electricity,and other infrastructure have generated a massive number of rocky slopes,which have a serious impact on the regional ecosystem.Due to its simplicity,economy,and high efficiency,the technology of external-soil spray seeding is widely used in the ecological restoration of rocky slopes.However,the poor adhesion and stability of traditional spraying soil substrates lead to unsustainable restoration of high and steep rocky slopes.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop targeted ecological restoration soil substrates.[Methods]In this study,the properties of soil substrates with different compositional components,including substrate water retention,horizontal shrinkage,weight capacity,plant germination rate,and plant height were explored through pot and orthogonal experiments.Based on the above study,the erosion resistance of the screened soil substrates was analyzed through erosion resistance tests,and the optimal soil substrate suitable for the ecological restoration of highly steep rocky slopes was further selected.[Results]The results showed that a moderate content of water-retaining agent can increase the germination rate and height of the plants,whereas a slightly higher content of binder(greater than 0.15%)not only decreased the height of the plants but also reduced their growth rate.The properties of the soil substrates with different compositions differed significantly,but almost all the indicators were better than those of the natural soil in the blank control group.After screening,the soil substrates in groups P6,P10,P16,P1,and P15 presented good plant growth,physical structure,and water retention.With the increase of slope and rainfall intensity,the amount of substrate loss increased significantly,and the soil substrates in group P15 demonstrated greater erosion resistance.[Conclusions]Therefore,the soil substrate can be directly applied to the ecological restorati

关 键 词：岩质边坡 生态修复 客土喷附 基材配比 基材性质 植物生长 保水性 抗冲刷 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]