双拱型高速列车司机室外形参数对阻力特性的影响研究  

Research on the Impact of Exterior Cab Shape Parameters on Drag Characteristics of Double-Arch High-speed Trains

作　　者：安乐 武振锋[1] 朱陇辉 AN Le;WU Zhenfeng;ZHU Longhui(School of Mechanical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2025年第1期214-219,227,共7页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR11RA063);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(22ZY1QA005)。

摘　　要：高速列车气动性能与头部形状关联紧密。为降低高速列车运行过程中的气动阻力,通过改变双拱型高速列车司机室前窗高度和前窗曲面形状,设计5种不同头部形状的双拱型列车头型,建立高速列车数值计算模型,采用基于三维、定常、不可压缩N-S方程和RNS方法对5种计算模型在明线匀速运行时的流场进行数值模拟,对比研究双拱型列车头部司机室高度和前窗曲面形状对列车明线稳定运行时阻力特性的影响。研究结果表明:运行条件相同时,列车周围流场压力的差异主要存在于司机室前窗过渡区域以及司机室上方,司机室外形参数对双拱型高速列车的气动阻力构成明显影响;随着头部司机室前窗设计高度增加,头车高压分布范围缩小,列车气动阻力系数呈递减趋势,最大相差14.5%;列车司机室前窗设计倾斜程度减小,司机室前窗处最大压力降低,列车气动阻力系数下降13.4%;当选用平面替代曲面作为列车司机室前窗过渡的承接面时,虽可减缓司机室前窗处的正压大小,但导致司机室上方负压加剧,列车气动阻力系数仅下降3.0%;双拱型高速列车司机室应在合理范围内提升高度并减小前窗曲面倾斜程度,可以达到良好的减阻效果。The aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train is intimately linked to its head shape.In order to reduce the aerodynamic drag during the operation of high-speed trains,five distinct head types with varying parameters are developed for double-arch trains and numerical calculation models for high-speed trains are established by modifying the cab height and front window transition shape of the double-arch high-speed train.The three-dimensional,steady,incompressible N-S equation and RNS method are used to simulate the flow field of five models running at a constant speed in open air,the influence of train cab height and front window transition shape on resistance characteristics of the double-arch train in the stable operation of the open air is comparatively analyzed.The following conclusions are drawn:under the same running conditions,the pressure difference in the flow field around the train mainly occurs in the transition area at the front window of the driver’s cab and above,and the external geometric parameters of the driver significantly affect the aerodynamic drag of double-arch high-speed trains.The aerodynamic drag coefficient decreases as the height of the design position of the curvature transition of the front window of the train head increases,the maximum difference is 14.5%,and the distribution range of high pressure in the head car is reduced.The design inclination of the front window of the cab is reduced and the maximum pressure on the front window of the cab is lowered,resulting in a 13.4%decrease in the train’s aerodynamic drag coefficient.When the plane is chosen to replace the curved surface as the transition surface of the train cab’s front window,the positive pressure at the front window of the cab can be reduced,but the negative pressure above the cab will be intensified,and the aerodynamic drag coefficient of the train is decreased by only 3%.To achieve optimal drag reduction,it is recommended to raise the driver’s cab height within a reasonable range and decrease the inclination

关 键 词：高速列车 双拱头型 司机室外形 数值模拟 气动阻力 

分 类 号：U271.91[机械工程—车辆工程] U260.38[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]