产地及肥料对新会茶枝柑果实品质的影响  

Influence of Place of Origin and Fertilizer on Fruit Quality of Citrus reticulata'Chachiensis'in Xinhui District

作　　者：朱晓婷 肖更生 邢东旭[2] 余元善[2] 温靖[2] 刘昊澄[2] 徐玉娟 傅曼琴[2] ZHU Xiaoting;XIAO Gengsheng;XING Dongxu;YU Yuanshan;WEN Jing;LIU Haocheng;XU Yujuan;FU Manqin(College of Food Science and Technology,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China;Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Functional Foods,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing,Guangzhou 510610,China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院,广东广州510225 [2]广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,农业农村部功能食品重点实验室,广东省农产品加工重点实验室,广东广州510610

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2025年第5期267-276,共10页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：广东省农业科学院人才项目(R2020PY-JX011,202109TD);广州市科技计划项目(2023B03J1370)。

摘　　要：探究产地及肥料对茶枝柑果实综合品质的影响,为新会茶枝柑果实的品质提升和综合开发利用提供科学参考依据。以梅江茶枝柑(核心产地,MJ)、南坦茶枝柑(非核心产地,NT)和南坦仙草柑(非核心产地施加中药肥料,XC)为研究对象,测定同一成熟度果实的理化性状、营养成分以及抗氧化特性,采用相关性分析、聚类分析的方法对三种茶枝柑果实不同部位的品质进行综合分析。结果表明:三种茶枝柑果实(包括果皮、渣、籽和汁)间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。XC果实的平均单果重和横径指标最高,果形最大。三种茶枝柑果汁固酸比、主要有机酸和主要可溶性糖含量范围分别是15.83~17.41、25.82~29.35 mg/mL和122.28~133.63 mg/mL;与NT果汁相比,MJ和XC果汁中固酸比分别显著高出9.92%和9.98%(P<0.05)。三种茶枝柑果实鉴定出8种黄酮类化合物,其中橙皮苷含量最高。与NT果皮相比,MJ和XC果皮中总黄酮、总酚、ABTS值和FRAP值分别显著高出11.28%和5.38%、20.17%和8.94%、9.00%和7.92%、6.49%和5.60%(P<0.05)。茶枝柑果皮中橙皮苷、柚皮苷、甜橙黄酮、总黄酮、总酚和果汁中抗坏血酸、总酚、总黄酮分别与抗氧化活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。聚类分析表明MJ与NT果实之间的成分差异较大,与XC果实成分差异较小。综上,MJ果实的品质特性较为优异,可为核心产地广陈皮的高品质高价格提供科学依据,而施加中药肥料对非核心产地茶枝柑果实品质有一定的提升作用。To explore the effects of origin and fertilizer on the comprehensive quality of Citrus reticulata'Chachiensis'fruits,and provide scientific reference for the quality improvement and comprehensive development and utilization of Citrus reticulata'Chachiensis'in Xinhui District.The fruits of Citrus reticulata'Chachiensis'from Meijiang(core origin,MJ),Nantan(non-core origin,NT),and Nantan Xiancao(non-core origin with traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer,XC)were collected at the same period,and the physical and chemical traits,nutritional components,and antioxidant properties of the fruits were determined.The quality of different parts of the three kinds of Citrus reticulata'Chachiensis'fruits was comprehensively analyzed by correlation analysis and cluster analysis.The findings indicated that there were significant differences among the three Citrus reticulata'Chachiensis'fruits,including peel,pomace,seeds,and juice(P<0.05).XC fruits exhibited the highest average single fruit weight and transverse diameter,as well as the largest fruit shape.The solidacid ratio ranges of the three Citrus reticulata'Chachiensis'fruit juices were 15.83~17.41,while the major organic acids content ranged from 25.82~29.35 mg/mL and the major soluble sugars content ranged from 122.28~133.63 mg/mL,respectively.Compared to NT juice,the levels of solid-acid ratio in MJ and XC juice were significantly higher by 9.92%and 9.98%,respectively(P<0.05).Eight flavonoids were identified from the three Citrus reticulata'Chachiensis'fruits,among which hesperidin content was the highest.Compared to NT peel,the levels of total flavonoids,total phenols,ABTS and FRAP values in MJ and XC peel were significantly higher by 11.28%and 5.38%,20.17%and 8.94%,9.00%and 7.92%,6.49%and 5.60%,respectively(P<0.05).Hesperidin,naringin,sinensetin,total flavonoids,total phenols in peel and ascorbic acid,total phenols,total flavonoids in juice were significantly positively correlated with antioxidant activity,respectively(P<0.05).The cluster analysis revealed that the com

关 键 词：茶枝柑 产地及肥料 品质 聚类分析 相关性分析 

分 类 号：TS255.7[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]