教师职业权利的来源、类型及其实现  

Origin,Types and Realization of Teachers'Professional Rights

作　　者：李志峰[1,2,3,4] 程瑶 刘兴 LI Zhifeng;CHENG Yao;LIU Xing

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学高等教育研究中心 [2]武汉理工大学法学与人文社会学院 [3]湖北高等教育研究院 [4]湖北教育政策研究院 [5]武汉理工大学马克思主义学院 [6]武汉理工大学学科建设与发展规划办公室,武汉430070 [7]海军军医大学卫生勤务学系,上海200433

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2025年第1期66-75,共10页University Education Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“新时代高校教师过度性阶层分化的整合治理研究”(BIA240145)。

摘　　要：教师权利是教师开展教育教学等工作、实现立德树人根本任务而享有的教师职业权利和一般性权利的总和。由于教师职业具有教育、教学、科研、社会服务等区别于其他职业的基本属性,因此,教师权利可划分为教育权、教学权、科研权、民主管理权、社会服务权等特殊性职业权利,以及职业执教权、职业发展权、专业发展权、劳动报酬权等一般性权利。教师职业权利来源有两个:一是来源于《宪法》及其他专门法的规定,二是来源于教师职业的基本属性。教师职业权利的实现需要理顺教师权利与义务关系,强化权利与义务的统一;调整教师权利法条内容,形成层次分明的权利结构;保护教师职业权利获得,完善教师权利救济机制;以权利本位明确教师身份,拓展教师职业的保障权。Teachers'rights are the sum of their professional and general rights when they carry out education and teaching and realize the fundamental task of cultivating morality and educating people.Since teachers have essential attributes that are different from other professions,such as education,teaching,scientific research,and social services,teachers'rights can be divided into special professional rights such as education rights,teaching rights,scientific research rights,democratic management rights,and social service rights,as well as general rights such as professional teaching rights,career development rights,professional development rights,and labor remuneration rights.There are two sources of teachers'professional rights:the provisions of theConstitutionand other special laws and the basic attributes of the teaching profession.The realization of teachers'professional rights requires the rationalization of the relationship between teachers'rights and obligations and the strengthening of the unity of rights and obligations;the adjustment of the content of laws for teachers'rights and the formation of a hierarchical rights structure;the protection of teachers'professional rights and the improvement of teachers'rights relief mechanisms;the clarification of teachers'identities based on rights and the expansion of the protection rights of teachers'profession.

关 键 词：教师权利 《教师法》 权利类型 权利约束 权利实现 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]