化学反应方向和反应条件的学科理解  

Discipline Understanding of Chemical Reaction Direction and Reaction Conditions

作　　者：叶礼华[1] 张军[2] YE Li-Hua;ZHANG Jun(Chongqing Bashu Secondary School,Chongqing 400013,China;College of Teacher Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市巴蜀中学校,重庆400013 [2]西南大学教师教育学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《化学教育(中英文)》2025年第1期90-96,共7页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：重庆市教育科学“十四五”规划教学改革研究专项课题“核心素养导向下高中化学大概念单元教学实践研究”(课题编号:K23ZG1040133);重庆市教育科学“十四五”规划课题“素养为本的高中化学课程改革实践研究”(课题编号:2021-04-523);重庆市教育科学“十四五”规划重点资助课题“基于跨学科项目实践的中学生科学推理能力发展研究”(课题编号:2021-04-062)。

摘　　要：人教版(2019)化学教材关于化学反应方向有化学热力学角度和热力学第二定律角度的2种表述,文章对2种表述进行了学科理解,分析了学生学习的易混淆点,提出了教材编写建议。从热力学角度分析了可逆反应正、逆反应方向都可以自发的原因。从热力学角度、动力学角度对化学反应条件进行了学科理解,提出了化学反应条件有热力学条件、动力学条件和反应调控的条件。通过Fe与O_(2)反应、Na与O_(2)反应、1,3-丁二烯的加成反应等例子分析了反应条件与反应产物的关系以及如何调控反应条件影响反应产物。提出了化学反应方向和反应条件的教学建议以及教师学科理解的建议。The chemistry textbook of the People’s Education Press(2019)has two expressions about the direction of chemical reactions:the perspective of chemical thermodynamics and the perspective of the second law of thermodynamics.The article provides a disciplinary understanding of the two expressions,analyzes the confusing points that students may have,and proposes suggestions for textbook writing.The reason why reversible reactions can occur spontaneously in both forward and reverse directions is analyzed from a thermodynamic perspective,and the chemical reaction conditions include thermodynamic conditions,kinetic conditions,and reaction regulation conditions.A disciplinary understanding of chemical reaction conditions from the perspectives of thermodynamics and kinetics has been gained,and through examples such as Fe and O2 reactions,Na and O2 reactions,and 1,3butadiene addition reactions,the relationship between reaction conditions and reaction products has been analyzed,as well as how to regulate the influence of reaction conditions on reaction products.Teaching suggestions for the direction and conditions of chemical reactions have been proposed,as well as suggestions for teachers’disciplinary understanding.

关 键 词：自发性 反应方向 反应条件 反应调控 学科理解 

分 类 号：G633.8[文化科学—教育学]