人口格局变化背景下职业教育高质量发展:挑战与路径  

High-quality Development of Vocational Education in the Context of Population Pattern Changes:Challenges and Pathways

作　　者：宋世杰 任波[3] Song Shijie;Ren Bo(Liaoning Normal University,Shenyang 110122;Liaoning Urban Construction Vocational and Technical College;Shenyang Open University)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学,沈阳110122 [2]辽宁城市建设职业技术学院规划科研办公室 [3]沈阳开放大学人事处

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2025年第1期27-34,共8页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：辽宁省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度一般课题“高职专业群‘岗课赛证’综合育人机制研究”(JG22EB089),主持人:宋世杰。

摘　　要：我国正处于推进强国战略、实现中国式现代化的进程之中,需要大批高质量人才储备作支撑。分析人口变化趋势发现,当前我国人口发展形势对职业教育提出了新要求:适龄人口减少,老龄化进程持续,劳动力平均年龄提高,流动人口比例高,退役军人规模扩大等,要求职业教育加快优化布局结构提高质量,拓展服务领域,扩大职业培训能力,扩大接纳能力。但当前职业教育高质量发展面临一系列现实挑战,包括专业布局结构调整迟缓,社会培训服务能力不足,老年群体教育服务有限,吸纳复转军人能力缩减等。为适应人口格局变化形势,职业教育应控制总体规模,优化专业布局结构,切实提高办学质量;调整办学重心,加大社会培训比重;鼓励开放办学,扩展老年教育功能;深化机制改革,探索区域制度创新;优化协同治理机制,探索多类主体统筹机制,推动自身形成与人口发展协调的高质量发展模式。China is currently advancing the strategy of becoming a powerful nation and realizing modernization with Chinese characteristics,which requires the support of a large reserve of high-quality talents.By analyzing trends in population changes,it has been found that the current demographic development poses new requirements for vocational education:a reduction in the working-age population,continued aging,an increase in the average age of labor force,a high proportion of migrant populations,and an expanding proportion of veterans.This necessitates that vocational education accelerate the optimization of its layout and structure to improve quality,expand service areas,enhance vocational training capacity,and increase acceptance capabilities.However,the high-quality development of vocational education currently faces a series of practical challenges,including slow adjustment of professional layout structures,insufficient social training service capacity,limited educational services for the elderly,and reduced capacity to accommodate demobilized military personnel.To adapt to the demographic development situation,vocational education should control its overall scale and optimize the professional layout structure;effectively improve the quality of education,adjust the focus of school operations;increase the proportion of social training,encourage open schooling,and expand the functions of elderly education;deepen mechanism reform,explore regional system innovation;optimize collaborative governance mechanisms,explore multiple subject coordination mechanisms,and promote the formation of a high-quality development model coordinated with demographic development.

关 键 词：人口格局 职业教育 高质量发展 

分 类 号：G719.2[文化科学—职业技术教育学]