在固体物理中引入分形概念的教学实践  

Introducing the fractal finger experiment into the teaching of solid state physics

作　　者：刘玉真[1] 卢礼萍[2] LIU Yu-zhen;LU Li-ping(College of Physics,Nanjing university of science and technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210094,China;College of Science,Nanjing agriculture university,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学物理学系,江苏南京210094 [2]南京农业大学理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《大学物理》2024年第12期24-27,共4页College Physics

基　　金：南京理工大学本科教学改革与建设工程项目(AE914010)资助。

摘　　要：在固体物理教学中,纳米颗粒的凝聚、多孔材料孔洞、准晶体形态的描述较为抽象,通过引入分形实验可以更直观地呈现相关内容.基于简单的手指分形实验,研究墨水和酒精混合物滴在稀释的丙烯酸涂料上的分形结构和维数.通过探讨混合物配比、丙烯酸涂料浓度、外加电场和温度与维数的变化关系,提出影响手指分形结构的因素,有助于学生更好地理解分形理论.最后基于COMSOL软件对枝晶生长进行模拟,结果表明分形结构与各向异性和冷却温度有关.引入与课程相关的趣味性实验,培养学生的创新意识和自主探索能力,是新工科背景下实践教学的重要环节.The condensation of nanoparticles,the holes of porous materials,and the morphology of quasi-crystals are difficult to describe the teaching of solid state physics.Therefore,the experiment on the fractal structure is introduced into the process of teaching for the visual presentation.Based on a simple experiment on finger fractal,the fractal structures and dimensions that a mixture of ink and alcohol on the diluted acrylic paint are investigated.By changing the ratio of ink and alcohol in mixture and concentration of acrylic paint,the factors affecting the fractal structure of fingers are obtained,including the applied electric field and temperature,which is helpful for students to understand the fractal theory.Lastly,the growth of dendritic crystal is simulated based on COMSOL software,which shows that the fractal structure is related to anisotropy and dimensionless latent heat.The introduction of interesting experiment,will be help for cultivating students'innovation awareness and self-investigation ability,which is an important link of practice teaching under the background of new engineering.

关 键 词：固体物理 分形结构 维数 实践教学 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]