体育中高考:科学质疑与伦理追问  

Physical Education Entrance Exam for High School and College:Scientific In-quiry and Ethical Dilemma

作　　者：熊文[1] Xiong Wen(College of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2025年第3期78-94,共17页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

基　　金：2019年国家社会科学基金重点项目“运动训练学学科体系构建研究”(19ATY003)。

摘　　要：当下体育中高考改革取向(体育在中考“提分”及纳为高考必考科目)呈现较为严重的学理偏差与伦理困境,其影响广泛、深入,不仅关乎我国学校体育的重大、基本理论命题,还涉及教育-人才评价体系的解构,乃至对社会价值基础形成冲击,但体育、教育及哲学-伦理学界对此还缺乏关注和反思。基于科学理性与价值理性的参照,对体育中高考改革的相关取向予以质疑与追问,认为:(1)体育中高考改革存在外、内在的“科学误植”,二者分别基于其他学科的外在参照,以及体育评价的内在效度。从学科参照来看,体育主要指向基础-保障性需求及个体-自我发展,“文化”科目则更多关涉提高-发展性需求及社会功利-基本发展,对他们评价的区分性与刚性也相应不同;从评价效度来看,体育考试主要体现为非必需、专门性的运动能力,难以表征“体育”与“健康”。(2)体育中高考改革面临宏、微观的伦理困境,二者分别涉及教育-社会价值危机,以及个体-操作性公平问题,其根源为体育-运动能力与“文化”科目之间的内在龃龉。(3)对体育中高考改革重新认识和定位,应澄清对学生全面发展及“体育发展”的误读,防止不同评价体系的误用,以及需在权宜之计与长期方略之间保持张力。其考量要点如:体育发展(权)作为主要指向个体发展的权利,是否应赋予其升学的强制性;体育是否作为国外“中高考”必考科目;体育考试所假定关联的健康、运动能力等因素,能否作为受教育权的限制或区分因素;当基于事理、权宜的意义推行体育中考,其是作为“水平考”还是“区分考”,以及其能否泛化到其他学段等。At present,the reform orientation(improving scores in the PE senior middle school entrance exam and incorporating PE into the college entrance exam)of PE entrance exam presents a serious theoretical deviation and ethical dilemma,which have a wide and deep influence,not only concerning the major and basic theoretical pro-position of school PE in China,but also involving the deconstruction of education-talent evaluation,and even impact-ing on the social value system.However,there is still a lack of attention to this issue in the fields of PE,education and philosophy-ethics.From the perspective of scientific rationality and value rationality,this paper reflects on the problems related to the reform orientation of PE entrance exam.It argues that,first,the reform of PE entrance exam has been scientifically misplaced,both internally and externally,based on the external reference of the“cultural”subjects and internal examination of evaluative validity of the PE entrance exam.Externally,PE is mainly positioned as individual basic-safeguarding demands and individual-self-development,while“culture”subjects are related to improving-developmental demand and social utility-basic development,and accordingly the evaluation evaluation differentiation and rigidity of these subjects is different.Internally,PE exams assess mainly non essential,specialized athletic ability,making it difficult to characterize“PE”and“health”.Second,the reform of PE entrance exam faces macro and micro ethical dilemmas,which are involving the crisis of education-social value and the fairness of indi-vidual-operation issues,rooted in the inherent discord between athletic ability and“culture”subjects.Third,the re-form of exam should clarify the misinterpretation of students’all-round development and“sports development”,pre-vent the misuse of different evaluation systems,and maintain tension between long-term strategies and expediency.The following issues should be considered:whether sports development(right),as a right mainly poi

关 键 词：体育中考 体育高考 伦理 教育公平 全面发展 运动能力 

分 类 号：G633.96[文化科学—教育学]