同中有异:朱子学与阳明学之比较——以心理关系为中心  

Identical and difference:a compare between Zhu zi's study and Yangming's study

作　　者：郭高军 Guo Gaojun

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院

出　　处：《思想与文化》2024年第1期101-114,共14页Thought & Culture

摘　　要：心理及其关系是朱子学与阳明学的重要内容。心原指人的心脏,它由气构成并决定身体的一切活动。在自然状态下,人心的活动是不可靠的。为了使人心的活动变得合理,朱熹阳明等理学家提出用天理来制约和规范人心。但心本质上是经验性的气质之物,而天理则是超越的客观实在,要使天理发挥它主宰人心的作用就必须把人心与天理合二为一。在心理未合之前,此时人们需要用心以求理以期引理入心,故朱熹重心。当心理已合之后,此时人们只需致其良知、发明本心,知致则心自正,故阳明重理。在心理关系问题上,朱子学与阳明学的观点大体相同,其差别只是二者对心和理有不同的侧重。Heart,Li and their relationships are an important content of Zhu Zi's study and Yangming's study.The heart originally refers to the human heart,which is composed of Qi and determines all the activities of the human body.In the natural state,the activity of the human heart is unreliable.In order to make the activities of people's hearts more legitimate,Zhu Xi,Yangming and other Neo-confucians proposed to use the Li to restrict and regulate the Heart.But the heart is essentially the temperament of experience,and the Li is beyond to the transcendent and objective reality,to make the Li plays its role in dominating the heart of the heart,we must put the heart and Li into one.Before the unity of Heart and Li,now we need to use the heart to pursue Li to unity the Heart and Li,so Zhu Xi attaches great importance to the heart.When the heart and Li have been integrated,then we only need to expand the conscience and invent the original heart,then the activities of the heart will be correct,so Yangming attaches importance to the Li.In terms of the Heart and Li'relationship,Zhu Xi’s study and Yangming's study have roughly the same views,and the difference is only that they have different emphasis on Heart or Li.

关 键 词：朱子 阳明 人心 天理 心理合一 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B248.2