中、日、越公教职称翻译考  

The Translation of Clerical Titles of the Catholic Church in China,Japan,and Vietnam

作　　者：[奥]雷立柏[1] Leopold Leeb(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《基督教文化学刊》2023年第2期124-138,共15页Journal for the Study of Christian Culture

摘　　要：公教职称的起源《新约》的部分文献提到教会团体中的不同职位,比如《腓立比书》1:1提到episkopoi和diakonoi,而《提多书》1:5提到presbyteroi。希腊语的epi-skopein是“针对它—看”,即“监视”或“监督”;presbyteros是“年龄较大的”“年长者”的意思,而diakonos来自diakoneo“服务”“服事”。公元二世纪,教会的组织逐渐完备,并把这三个词语理解为圣职人员的三个基本的层次和职称,即拉丁语的episcopus(“主教”,即英语的bishop)、sacerdos(“司铎”“祭司”,即英语的priest)和diaconus(“执事”,即英语的deacon)。This study intends to show the historical development of the translations of Catholic clerical titles into the languages of China,Japan,and Vietnam.The Catholic hierarchy bases its terminology on certain passages found in the New Testament.The three terms of major importance are the words for“bishop”(from Greek“episkopos”),“priest”(from“presbyteros”)and“deacon”(from“diakonos”).The course of the translations shifted from Buddhist terms(seng,“monk”for“priest”)to transliterations,such as“pa-te-ren”for“padre”and then to more or less indigenized translations like“spiritual father”(shenfu in Chinese and Japanese)or“pastor of souls”(linh mục in Vietnamese).The problems of translation also mirror the actual difficulties of finding an acceptable social position of the clergy within the traditional societies of China,Japan,and Vietnam.A comparison shows that the translations in Vietnam are expressing the original meaning of the terms better than some Chinese versions which may lead to misunderstandings.

关 键 词：希腊语 《新约》 翻译 职称 年长者 拉丁语 词语理解 公教 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]