厚爱与严管:我国中小学教师退出机制再思考——以政策工具为视角  

Kindness and Strict Management:Rethinking of the Exit Mechanism for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China:From the Perspective of Policy Tools

作　　者：卢晓 朱许强 LU Xiao;ZHUXuqiang(School of Education and Science,Ningxia Normal University,Guyuan 756099)

机构地区：[1]宁夏师范大学教育科学学院,固原756099

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2024年第24期47-54,共8页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：宁夏高等学校一流教育学科建设项目(NXYLXK2021B10)的部分成果

摘　　要：改革开放以来在我国中小学教师退出机制政策中,权威型政策工具多用于退出标准、处理主体、退出程序等内容规范,但也存在在多个政策文本中表述模糊、内容相互冲突等问题;激励型、能力型、系统变革型政策工具主要集中于树立优秀教师典型、教师能力培训提升、师德建设方式等方面,与退出机制直接相关度不高、针对性不强。教师是教师退出机制实施的关键一端,教师退出政策的顺利实施,需要以教师为本,重新审思我国教师退出机制。教师退出机制需要增加激励型政策工具形塑有序流动的退出观念;以权威型工具加强过程管理,在严管中厚爱,避免教师走向不合格,或在走向不合格的过程中给予教师及时帮助;以能力型工具增加救援程序,加强教师技能培训,让教师有准备、有能力退出;以系统变革型工具完善教师退出社会保障制度,为教师退出兜底。通过政策工具的调整,完善教师退出机制政策,促进教师退出机制由“他强制”转变为“已自觉”。Since the reform and opening up,authoritative policy tools have been mostly used to standardize the content of exit standards,processing subjects,and exit procedures in China's primary and secondary school teacher exit mechanism policies.However,there are also problems such as vague expressions and conflicting contents;Incentive,capability,and systemic transformative policy tools mainly focus on establishing excellent teacher models,enhancing teacher training,and cultivating teacher ethics.They are not directly related to the exit mechanism and have weak targeting.Teachers are the key end of the implementation of the exit mechanism,and it is necessary to take teacher as the base and re-examine the teacher exit mechanism in China.The teacher exit mechanism needs incentive policy tools to shape an orderly flow of exit concepts;Strengthen process management with authoritative tools,and provide timely assistance to teachers through strict management;Increase rescue procedures with ability based tools to prepare and enable teachers to exit;Improve the social security system for teachers to exit through system transformation tools,providing a bottom line for their exit.Promote teacher exit mechanism from being forced to being conscious.

关 键 词：中小学教师 退出机制 政策工具 以教师为本 自觉退出 

分 类 号：G635.1[文化科学—教育学]