丝绸之路东段早期语言景观与语言接触  

Early linguistic landscape and language contacts along the eastern routes of the Silk Road

作　　者：储泰松[1] CHU Taisong

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学文学院,芜湖

出　　处：《中国语文》2025年第1期113-122,128,共11页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学重大研究专项“早期梵汉对音文献集成及研究”(2018VJX083)成果之一。

摘　　要：河西走廊及其以西的西域地区,历来是多民族聚居之地,语言景观丰富,语言类型多样,语言生态先后发生过三次变化。自张骞通西域之来,汉语通过官方传播和民间传播进入西域,开始了与西域各民族的语言接触。随着汉王朝在西域统治地位的确立以及汉文化吸引力的加大,汉语传播的深度与广度得以进一步增强,汉人对西域诸国语言的认识也更加清晰。汉代文献里出现了大量的音译词,涉及西域国名、地名、人名、职官名、动植物名等多方面专有词汇。汉魏时期学者对这些专有名词的释读与标注,反映了汉人对西域语言的理解与认知,也体现了不同语言之间的语音对应关系,如鼻音与塞音交替、塞音与擦音交替、清浊交替、鱼部音值的变化等等。早期语言交融的现象,逐渐成为语言接触及跨语言交际的重要模式,对后来的佛教传播产生了深远影响,为佛典汉译积累了经验、培养了人才。The Hexi Corridor and the neighbouring region to its west have long been the settlement of various ethnic groups.With increasing contacts between Han Chinese and other ethnic groups,the linguistic landscape of this area underwent many changes.The journey of Zhang Qian(张骞)first facilitated the introduction of Chinese language into the so called Xiyu(西域,"Western Region")via both official and individual connections.Later on,increasing influence of the Han dynasty further expanded the spread of Chinese.Inhabitants of different ethinic groups became more awared about Chinense language and many phonetic loanwords concerning the proper nouns in Xiyu started to appear in Chinese literature.Scholars'notes and annotations to these loanwords made during the Han and Wei dynasties can not only reveal their understanding of Xiyu but also reflect the correlation between Chinese and other languages.Such linguistic contacts have laid a foundation for the spread of Buddhism into China and have benefited the translation of Buddhist scriptures.

关 键 词：语言景观 语言接触 上古音 音译词 汉代西域 丝绸之路 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]