教育代际流动对家庭消费不平等的影响效应及传导机制  

The Effect and Transmission Mechanism of Educational Intergenerational Mobi-lity on Household Consumption Inequality

作　　者：董甜甜 毛中根[1] DONG Tiantian;MAO Zhonggen(Institute of Western China Economic Research,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学中国西部经济研究院,四川成都610000

出　　处：《当代经济科学》2025年第1期106-119,共14页Modern Economic Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“新时代居民消费发展的驱动机制及政策研究”(72033007);国家社会科学基金重大项目“扩大消费长效机制的运行机理与完善路径研究”(24ZDA017)。

摘　　要：教育作为人力资本积累的基本途径,对居民收入增长、文化素养及认知能力的提升起着核心作用,并对经济增长与居民消费产生显著影响。基于2010—2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,使用教育的代际次序相关性指标构建各省份教育代际流动指数,以消费相对剥夺指数从家庭层面表征居民消费不平等,实证检验教育代际流动对家庭消费不平等的影响效应及传导机制。研究发现:第一,地区教育代际流动提升可显著降低子代家庭消费不平等;第二,教育代际流动性提升对家庭消费不平等的改善作用对于城镇家庭、户主为男性、中青年和中低资产家庭影响显著,对农村家庭、户主为女性、老年和高资产家庭不具有统计显著性;第三,社会资本和创业行为是教育代际流动影响家庭消费不平等的两个重要渠道。因此提出畅通向上流通渠道,实施差异化人力资本培育政策,提升社会各阶层消费能力和消费意愿,强化数字普惠金融发展,优化创业环境,扩宽居民就业渠道等政策建议。Achieving common prosperity is a central goal of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Addressing the unbalanced and insufficient development that hampers progress requires a focus on reducing disparities,including household consumption inequality.Over recent years,consumption has become the primary driver of China’s economic growth,but alongside this expansion,inequalities in consumption patterns have surfaced.Education plays a pivotal role in promoting social mobility and equity,with educational intergenerational mobility serving as a vital measure of opportunity fairness.This study explores the impact of educational intergenerational mobility on household consumption inequality,offering a novel perspective to inform economic policy and promote balanced development.Using data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)between 2010 and 2020,this study calculates regional educational intergenerational mobility indices based on the methodology of Liu et al.(2018)and employs the relative deprivation index of household consumption to measure consumption inequality.The results demonstrate that increasing educational intergenerational mobility significantly reduces household consumption inequality.Two mechanisms—social capital and entrepreneurial behavior—are identified as critical pathways through which educational mobility influences consumption disparities.These findings underscore the importance of education not only as a tool for individual advancement but also as a means to address broader structural inequalities in household consumption.The analysis reveals considerable heterogeneity in the effects of educational mobility across different demographic and socioeconomic groups.The reduction in consumption inequality is more pronounced in urban households,male-headed households,younger and middle-aged populations,and households with low to medium levels of assets.In contrast,rural households,female-headed households,elderly populations,and high-asset households do not exhibit significant changes in consumptio

关 键 词：教育代际流动 消费不平等 家庭消费相对剥夺 社会资本 创业行为 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理] F126.1[文化科学—教育学]