不同施钙水平对白菜生长发育及风味品质的影响  

Effect of different calcium application levels on growth,development,and flavor quality of Chinese cabbage

作　　者：刘娅 卢一铭 徐卫红[1] LIU Ya;LU Yi-ming;XU Wei-hong(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第12期2683-2691,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-23-B08);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201200)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同浓度的硫酸钙肥施用对白菜生长发育及风味品质的影响,筛选最适钙浓度,以期为白菜种植中钙肥的合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】以黑叶五月慢、上海六月慢2个白菜品种为供试材料,采用盆栽试验结合室内分析,设置0、200、400、600、800 mg/kg 5个施钙水平(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O)处理,不施钙作空白对照,测定白菜的生物量、氨基酸组分及含量、挥发性物质组分及含量、钙含量及钙积累量,分析不同施钙水平对促进白菜生长和改善品质的影响。【结果】黑叶五月慢、上海六月慢2个白菜品种的地上部和根系生物量随着钙肥浓度的提高总体呈先增加后降低趋势,其地上部生物量较对照分别增加20.67%~40.70%、9.49%~42.88%。施钙处理下,2个白菜品种的必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、总氨基酸含量及必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的比值(EAA/TAA)均有一定的提高,黑叶五月慢在600、800 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O高钙水平处理下的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量高于对照,在600 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O处理下的总氨基酸含量达到最大值;上海六月慢的必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、总氨基酸含量除600 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O处理低于对照外,其他处理均高于对照,在200 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O处理下达到最大值。2个白菜品种共检测出29种挥发性物质,施钙处理增加了黑叶五月慢的酮类化合物含量,较对照增加34.33%~78.66%;增加上海六月慢的腈类和醇类化合物含量,增幅分别为9.00%~80.24%、3.06%~70.19%。黑叶五月慢和上海六月慢2个品种的地上部、根系钙含量均随施钙量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在600 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O处理下达到最大值。【结论】黑叶五月慢在600 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O处理下效果最佳,上海六月慢在400 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O处理下效果最佳。[Objective]The study aimed to explore the effects of applying different concentrations of calcium sulfate fertilizer on the growth,development and flavor quality of Chinese cabbage,screen for the optimal calcium concentration,and provide theoretical basis for the rational application of calcium ferilizer in Chinese cabbage cultivation.[Method]Two Chinese cabbage varieties'Heiye Wuyueman'and'Shanghai Liuyueman'were used as test materials,and pot experiment combined with indoor analysis was used to set 5 calcium application levels of O,200,400,600 and 800 mg/kg,respectively,non-calcium application was used as blank control.The biomass,amino acid composition and con-tent,volatile matter composition and content,calcium content and accumulation of Chinese cabbage were measured,and the effects of different calcium application levels on promoting cabbage growth and improving quality were analyzed.[Result]The aboveground and root biomass of two Chinese cabbage varieties,'Heiye Wuyueman'and‘Shanghai Liuyueman',showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decrea-sing with the increase of calcium fertilizer concentration.Their aboveground biomass increased by 20.67%-40.70%and 9.49%-42.88%,respectively compared to the control.Under calcium treatment,the contents of essential amino acid,semi-essential amino acid and total amino acid,and the ratio of essential amino acid content to total amino acid content(EAA/TAA)of two cabbage varieties were all in-creased to a certain extent.For Heiye Wuyueman',the total amino acid content and essential amino acid content were higher than those of the control under the high calcium levels of 600 and 800 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O and the total amino acid content reached the maximum under 600 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O treatment.The contents of essential amino acids,semi-essential amino acids and total amino acids in‘Shanghai Liuyueman'were higher than the control except for 600 mg/kg CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)Otreatment,which was lower than the control.The maximum value reached under 200 mg/kg

关 键 词：白菜 钙 挥发性物质 氨基酸组分 钙积累 

分 类 号：S634[农业科学—蔬菜学]