轮轨硬度匹配对重载贝氏体车轮钢磨损性能的影响  

Effect of Wheel-rail Hardness Matching on Wear Performance of Heavy-haul Bainitic Wheel Steel

作　　者：赵海 徐海峰[1] 周霆伟 袁航 徐震霖 何宜柱 ZHAO Hai;XU Haifeng;ZHOU Tingwei;YUAN Hang;XU Zhenlin;HE Yizhu(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Anhui Ma'anshan 243002,China;Ma'anshan Iron&Steel Co.,Ltd.,Anhui Ma'anshan 243003,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽马鞍山243003 [2]马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司,安徽马鞍山243003

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第3期118-129,共12页Surface Technology

基　　金：安徽省科技重大专项(202003a05020038);中国工程院重大咨询项目(ZGZ201812-03)。

摘　　要：目的探究贝氏体车轮材料与不同钢轨材料的硬度匹配行为,为贝氏体车轮服役的安全性和可靠性提供理论参考。方法将贝氏体车轮与3种轨道进行匹配,结合磨损率、表面磨损形貌及表面硬化程度等,综合评价3种钢轨/车轮硬度比(Hr/Hw)下轮轨材料的耐磨性及损伤行为。结果随着匹配的轨道钢硬度的增加,贝氏体车轮钢磨损率从0.188mg/m逐渐升至0.217mg/m,增加了15.4%;轨道钢的磨损率呈下降趋势,从0.104mg/m降至0.042mg/m,下降了59.6%。车轮钢和轨道钢的磨损机理均以黏着磨损和疲劳磨损为主。随着轨道钢硬度的增加,车轮材料分层明显,损伤越来越严重,塑性变形层厚度和表面硬化程度呈上升趋势,表面疲劳裂纹的平均长度和深度依次降低,但平均扩展角度越来越高;轨道材料的分层和微裂纹减少,损伤减轻,且塑性变形层厚度和表面硬化程度呈下降趋势,表面疲劳裂纹长度减少,而扩展深度和角度均增加。接触斑能量耗散值越高,则贝氏体车轮受到轮轨硬度比的影响越明显。当Hr/Hw低于1时,钢轨磨损程度随着Tγ/A的增加越来越严重。结论随着匹配的轨道硬度的增加,车轮的磨损程度呈相反趋势,前者加剧,后者减轻。此外,与同种轨道匹配时,相较于典型的珠光体车轮钢(CL65),贝氏体车轮钢具有更加优异的耐磨性和抗疲劳损伤能力。Bainitic steel is used as a new wheel-rail material to replace pearlite due to its excellent comprehensive properties,and it is gradually applied in the field of wheel-rail contact.By exploring the hardness matching behavior of bainitic wheel materials and different active rail materials,the work aims to provide a theoretical reference for the safety and reliability of bainitic wheel service.The rolling slip wear and contact fatigue tester was used to carry out matching tests on the wheel-rail materials with three wheel-rail hardness ratios(0.87,0.96,1.13),and the rail wheel material hardness ratio(Hr/Hw)was explored.The impact on the service performance and damage behavior of wheel-rail materials was investigated.The damage morphology and plastic deformation degree of the wheel-rail material contact surface were analyzed through metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope and microhardness,and the FCB wheel material was compared with the traditional pearlite wheel material,and finally,the matching behavior and selection rule of bainitic wheels and pearlite tracks in service were discussed.The results showed that the wheel-rail hardness ratio significantly affected the matching material wear and damage behavior.When Hr/Hw increased from 0.87 to 1.13,the amount of wheel material wear rate increased slightly,which was 0.188 mg/m,0.203 mg/m,and 0.217 mg/m,respectively,and the wear mechanism changed from slight fatigue wear to severe fatigue wear.The amount of rail material wear was significantly reduced,the wear amounts were 0.104 mg/m,0.069 mg/m,and 0.042 mg/m,representing reductions of 33.7%and 59.6%,respectively,and the degree of surface fatigue wear gradually decreased.The thickness of the plastic deformation layer of the FCB wheel sample increased with the increase of Hr/Hw,and its thickness was 82μm,98μm,and 110μm respectively,while the thickness of the plastic deformation layer of the rail sample decreased,and the thickness was 183μm,153μm,and 128μm,respectively.The surface hardening rate of

关 键 词：硬度比 贝氏体车轮 珠光体钢轨 轮轨匹配 磨损行为 滚动接触疲劳 

分 类 号：TG142[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]