酶法提取鲢鱼内脏鱼油的工艺优化、微胶囊制备及其体外消化特性  

Optimization of the enzymatic extraction process of fish oil from silver carp viscera,preparation of microcapsules and its in vitro digestion characteristics

作　　者：周勇杰 李孟洋 罗永康[1] 洪惠[1] 谭雨青 ZHOU Yongjie;LI Mengyang;LUO Yongkang;HONG Hui;TAN Yuqing(College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第1期161-171,共11页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2100905);现代农业产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-45)。

摘　　要：针对鲢鱼内脏鱼油的高效提取及其微胶囊的消化特性问题,采用单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面分析法,对蛋白酶添加量、酶解时间和料液比进行研究,并探究明胶-六偏磷酸钠复凝聚微胶囊的制备及其在模拟消化系统中的行为。结果表明:1)每1 g样品蛋白质中添加7000 U的蛋白酶(Protamex®1.6)、酶解时间1.3 h、料液(内脏与水)比为5 g∶2 mL时,鲢鱼内脏鱼油的提取率可达81.09%;2)明胶-六偏磷酸钠复凝聚反应体系pH为4.0时,鱼油的包埋率为90.95%;3)30℃贮藏10天,鱼油微胶囊的保留率维持在99%以上;4)在体外模拟消化试验中,胃相的总释放率为10.69%,肠相总释放率为46.40%,具有一定的缓释和控释特性。本研究不仅优化了鲢鱼内脏鱼油的提取工艺,有效提高了提取率,而且通过精细调整复凝聚体系,成功制备出具有显著保护、缓释、控释能力的鱼油微胶囊,为鱼油在食品和营养补充品等领域的应用提供了科学依据和技术支持。To address the issue of efficient extraction of fish oil from silver carp viscera and the digestion characteristics of its microcapsules,the single-factor test and Box-Behnken response surface analysis were used to study the protease dosage addition,enzyme hydrolysis time,and solid-to-liquid ratio to investigate the preparation of gelatin-sodium hexametaphosphate complex coacervation microcapsules and their behavior in a simulated digestion system.The results revealed that:1)The extraction rate of fish oil from silver carp viscera could reach 81.09% when 7000 U protease(Protamex®1.6)was added per 1 g of sample protein,an enzyme hydrolysis time of 1.3 h,and an solid-liquid(viscera to water)ratio of 5 g∶2 mL;2)The gelatin-sodium hexametaphosphate complex coacervation reaction system at pH 4.0 resulted in 90.95% encapsulation rate of fish oil;3)The retention rate of fish oil microcapsules was maintained above 99% after storage at 30℃ for 10 days;4)In the in vitro simulated digestion experiment,the total release rate of the gastric phase was 10.69% and the total release rate of the intestinal phase was 46.40%,which showed a certain sustained-release and controlled-release characteristics.This study optimized the extraction process of fish oil from silver carp viscera and effectively improved the extraction rate,successfully prepared fish oil microcapsules with significant protection,sustained-release and controlled-release capabilities by finely adjusting the complex concertation system.This study provided the scientific basis and technical support for the application of fish oil in food and nutritional supplements.

关 键 词：鲢鱼内脏 鱼油 复凝聚 微胶囊 胃肠模拟消化 鲢鱼副产品利用 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]