定性比较分析(QCA)中的稳健性研究:分析策略与未来方向  

Robustness Research in Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA):Analyze Strategy and Future Direction

作　　者：程恋军[1] 王琳茜 Lianjun CHENG;Linxi WANG(College of Public Administration and Law,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000;College of Business Management,Liaoning Technical University,Huludao 125105)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学公共管理与法学院,阜新123000 [2]辽宁工程技术大学工商管理学院,葫芦岛125105

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2025年第1期19-40,共22页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(21YJAZH012);辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目重点项目(LJ112410147054)。

摘　　要：作为一种融合定性与定量的新兴研究方法 ,定性比较分析(QCA)在社会科学研究中得到广泛应用,然而操作策略自主性所导致的敏感性和随机性使其倍受质疑。现有稳健性检验尽管一定程度上解决了这一问题,但在应用上仍然存在“选择困境”和“技术乱象”。针对上述现象,本研究梳理了QCA稳健性检验方法的最新进展,分析现有QCA稳健性检验的十二种方法及其操作策略;在此基础上,给出了QCA稳健性检验的集合优先、多维检验、样本规模适用性以及价值说明四个原则;提出学者需要重视动态性分析和“不稳健”现象,挖掘“不稳健”背后的深层逻辑,以获得新的知识和发现。研究有利于QCA稳健性检验方法的规范应用,将稳健性检验从“技术观”拓展至“方法观”。Qualitative comparative analysis(QCA)has been widely used in social science research as a new research method that combines qualitative and quantitative methods.However,the sensitivity and randomness caused by the autonomy of operational strategies make it highly questionable.Although the existing robustness test has solved this problem to some extent,there are still"Selection Dilemma"and"Technical Chaos"in application.In view of the above phenomena,this paper reviews the latest development of QCA robustness analysis methods,and analyzes 12 existing QCA robustness analysis methods and their operational strategies.On this basis,four principles of set priority,multi-dimensional test,applicability of sample size and value explanation are given for robustness analysis of QCA.It is proposed that scholars should attach importance to dynamic analysis and the phenomenon of"Instability",and dig the deep logic behind"Instability"in order to obtain new knowledge and discovery.The research is conducive to the normative application of the robustness analysis method of QCA and expands the robustness analysis from the"Technical View"to the"Method View".

关 键 词：QCA稳健性分析 选择困境 操作策略 动态性 不稳健 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]