民族志写作范式流变——以《写文化——民族志的诗学与政治学》为例  

Ethnographic Writing Paradigm Flux—Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography as an Example

作　　者：殷娟[1] 陈雨亭 YIN Juan;CHEN Yuting(Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing Jiangsu,210023,China;School of Foreign Chinese,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学,江苏南京210023 [2]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871

出　　处：《文化创新比较研究》2025年第1期1-4,共4页Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation

摘　　要：民族志作为人类学研究的基石,自19世纪以来其写作范式一直在不断改进和变化。该文以《写文化——民族志的诗学与政治学》一书为脉络,从不同流派及跨学科角度,通过专题研究法和文本分析法,试论20世纪下半叶以来学界对于民族志写作范式的讨论及具体写作实践流变。以马林诺夫斯基为代表的传统人类学研究力图构建民族志书写的权威与“参与式观察”的研究范式,试图通过各种手段强调其写作的客观真实性,而随着现代与后现代以来的主体性与主体间性思潮不断发展,笔者的研究取向与书写模式日益成为民族志写作中不容忽视的主观因素,因而该文将以民族志写作中的诗学修辞与政治学立场为重点关注对象,完成对20世纪下半叶以来民族志写作范式的“元研究”,最终发现当代民族志写作中的多元化、实验性趋向与文化研究的共同追求。As the cornerstone of anthropological research,the writing paradigm of ethnography has been improving and changing since the 19th century.Taking Writing Culture:The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography as a vein,this paper will try to discuss the discussion on the paradigm of ethnographic writing and the flow of specific writing practices since the second half of the 20th century from different schools and interdisciplinary perspectives through thematic research and textual analysis.The traditional anthropological research represented by Malinowski tried to construct the research paradigm of authority and"participatory observation"in ethnographic writing,and tried to emphasize the objectivity and authenticity of its writing through various means,while the author's own research orientation and writing mode have become increasingly inadmissible in ethnographic writing,along with the continuous development of subjectivity and intersubjectivity since the modern and postmodern times.With the continuous development of subjectivity and intersubjectivity since the modern and postmodern times,the author's own research orientation and writing mode have become subjective factors that cannot be ignored in ethnographic writing.Therefore,this paper will focus on the poetic rhetoric and political stance in ethnographic writing,complete the"meta-study"on the paradigms of ethnographic writing since the second half of the twentieth century,and ultimately find out the pluralism,experimental tendency,and common pursuits of cultural research in contemporary ethnographic writing.The final discovery is the pluralistic and experimental tendency of contemporary ethnographic writing and the common pursuit of cultural studies.

关 键 词：民族志 写作范式 写文化 诗学 政治学 文化研究 

分 类 号：I206.7[文学—中国文学]