改革开放以来我国中小学教师人事制度演变与展望  

The Evolution and Prospects of the Personnel System of Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China since the Reform and Opening Up

作　　者：薛正斌 李昊敏 XUE Zheng-bin;Li Hao-min(School of Education,Ningxia Normal University,Guyuan,Ningxia,756099,PRC)

机构地区：[1]宁夏师范大学教育学部,宁夏固原756099

出　　处：《当代教育与文化》2025年第1期97-105,共9页Contemporary Education and Culture

基　　金：宁夏高等学校一流教育学科建设项目(NXYLXK2021B10)。

摘　　要：改革开放40多年来,我国社会改革经历了从“计划经济”向“市场经济”转型,中小学教师人事制度也经历了相应的改革,从启动和探索阶段、规范和系统化阶段、科学化和完善阶段,到今天的深化和提高阶段;从单纯依靠计划和行政指令调节阶段转向逐渐依靠市场和行政手段综合配置教师资源。其核心是教师聘任制,围绕聘任制度,对中小学教师编制核定、分配制度、职称制度等进行了一系列改革,完善了中小学教师人事管理制度,提高了中小学教师队伍的整体素质。但中小学教师人事管理制度还存在教师入职与退出机制不够完善、出入渠道不畅等问题,需要进一步完善教师聘任制度和教师退出机制,加强动态调整与统筹师资编制,转换教师职业身份,使其从“学校人”变为“系统人”等,使中小学教师人事管理制度化、法制化。Over the past forty years of reform and opening up,Chinese social reform has undergone a transition from a“planned economy”to a“market economy”.Under the reform context,the personnel system of schools has evolved from stages of the start,exploration,standardization and systematization to the scientific perfection,deepening and improving,from simply relying on the adjustment of planning and administrative instructions to gradually relying on market and administrative means to comprehensively allocate teacher resources.The core of the system is the teacher appointment system.A series of reforms have been carried out around the appointment system to verify the staffing,distribution system,and professional titles of primary and secondary school teachers,which has improved the personnel management system for primary and secondary schools and the overall quality of the teaching staff.However,there are still issues with the personnel management system for primary and secondary school teachers,such as inadequate mechanisms for teacher entry and exit,and obstructed access channels.Therefore,it is necessary to further improve the teacher appointment system and teacher withdrawal mechanism;to strengthen the dynamic adjustment for teacher supply and demands;to transform the professional identity of teachers from“school people”to“system people”in order to separate teachers'professional identity from employment.

关 键 词：中小学教师 人事制度 改革 成就 展望 

分 类 号：G625.1[文化科学—教育学]