气质联用法分析不同品种扁桃仁精油主要挥发性成分  

Analysis of main volatile components of almond essential oil from different varieties by GC-MS

作　　者：阿布都如苏力·吐孙 张建明 塔吉古丽·阿布里克木 夏热帕提·吐孙 TUSUN Abudurusuli;ZHANG Jianming;ABULIKEMU Tajiguli;TUSUN Xiarepati(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology,Key Laboratoryof Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang,College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054;College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Xinjiang Institute of Engineering,Urumqi 830023)

机构地区：[1]新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室,新疆特殊环境物种多样性应用与调控重点实验室(教育厅重点实验室),新疆师范大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆师范大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐830054 [3]新疆工程学院化学与环境工程学院,乌鲁木齐830023

出　　处：《中国食品添加剂》2025年第1期121-126,共6页China Food Additives

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160638);新疆师范大学新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室校级招标课题(XJDX1414-2017-04);新疆师范大学“十三五”校级重点学科招标课题(17SDKD0205)。

摘　　要：采用低温压榨法制备扁桃仁精油,通过气相色谱-质谱对五种扁桃仁挥发性成分进行分离和鉴定。根据保留指数(Retention Index,RI)鉴定出莎车-5号扁桃仁中的41种挥发性化合物结构,并用峰面积归一法确定各组分的相对含量;并对不同品种的扁桃仁精油挥发性成分进行对比研究。结果表明:相对含量较高的成分为γ-谷甾醇20.23%、维生素E10.13%、角鲨烯7.17%、Δ5-燕麦甾醇6.11%、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯4.6%、油酸缩水甘油酯3.54%和棕榈酸甲酯2.89%等。不同品种的扁桃仁精油中油酸缩水甘油酯、Δ5-燕麦甾醇、γ-谷甾醇、维生素E、角鲨烯和油酸等6种主要成分大致相同,占成分总量的80%以上,仅相对含量有所差异,其中角鲨烯、维生素E、油酸等成分具有保湿,抗氧化作用,减缓细胞衰老,适合做功能性肤护品的油基。本研究为新疆扁桃资源高附加值利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。The crude almond essential oil was obtained by cold pressing at room temperature.Five different almond varieties were analyzed for their chemical components using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.A comparative study of essential oil volatile components of different almond varieties was also conducted.A total of 41 volatile compounds were identified in“Shache-5”almond based on their retention indexes(RI).The relative content of each component was determined by peak area normalization method.The results indicated that the major components with relatively high contents included γ-Sitosterol(20.23%),vitamin E(10.13%),squalene(7.17%),Δ5-Avenastrol(6.11%),diethyl phthalate(4.6%),glycidyl oleate(3.54%)and methyl palmitate(2.89%).Among the essential oils from different almond varieties,six main components—glycerol oleate,Δ5-avenasterol,γ-sitosterol,vitamin E,squalene,and oleic acid—were found to be similar,collectively accounting for over 80% of the total content,with variations only in their relative amounts.Notably,squalene,vitamin E,and oleic acid possessed moisturizing and antioxidant properties,which can help slow down cell aging process.These properties make almond oil suitable as oil bases for functional skincare product.This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the high-addedvalue utilization of almond resources in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：扁桃仁精油 气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析 挥发性成分 保留指数 峰面积归一法 

分 类 号：TS202.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]