食物源微塑料研究方法和风险评估综述  

Review of Methods and Risk Assessment of Microplastics from Food Sources

作　　者：白业冉 张佳佳 白润昊 刘琪[1] 何文清[1] 白文波[1] 陈延华[2] BAI Ye-ran;ZHANG Jia-jia;BAI Run-hao;LIU Qi;HE Wen-qing;BAI Wen-bo;CHEN Yan-hua(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第2期1155-1167,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研究计划项目(2023YFD1700903);北京市自然科学基金项目(8232027);北京市农林科学院创新专项(KJCX20210430)。

摘　　要：微塑料逐渐成为备受人们关注的新兴环境污染物,环境中大量存在的微塑料会在人类食物系统中积累,进而威胁人体健康.明确微塑料在食物中的污染特征,对于科学评估人体的摄入风险具有重要意义.基于当前已发表文献,从食物原料、加工和包装过程这3个方面分析了人体通过饮食接触微塑料的暴露途径.进一步总结食物中微塑料研究方法,主要包括密度浮选、膜技术和电动分离技术系列检测方法及视觉分析、光谱法、色谱法和激光红外成像系列鉴定方法.最后计算了人体通过食物接触微塑料的估计日摄入量(EDI),论述了微塑料对人体的潜在危害.提出今后需要在分析检测、来源追溯和毒理研究方向进行系统研究,可为微塑料综合防控和人类健康风险评估提供理论参考.Microplastics are becoming an emerging environmental pollutant of great concern.Microplastics present in large quantities in the environment can accumulate in the human food system,thus threatening human health.Characterizing microplastic contamination in food is important for scientifically assessing the risk of human intake.Based on the current published literature,this study analyzed the exposure pathways of human dietary exposure to microplastics in terms of food raw materials,processing,and packaging.Moreover,it further summarized the research methods for food microplastics,which mainly included density flotation,membrane technology,and electrokinetic separation technology series of detection methods and visual analysis,spectroscopy,chromatography,and laser infrared imaging series of identification methods.Finally,the estimated daily intake of microplastics through food exposure was calculated,and the potential hazards of microplastics to humans were discussed,it is proposed that future research needs to be conducted systematically in the directions of analysis and detection,source tracing,and toxicological studies to provide theoretical references for the comprehensive prevention and control of microplastics and the assessment of human health risks.

关 键 词：微塑料(MPs) 食物 来源 赋存 检测 风险评估 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X820.4