复杂运行环境下重载铁路机车轮对磨耗机理及影响因素研究  

Wheelset Wear Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Heavy-haul Railway Locomotives in Complex Operating Environment

作　　者：衡纬 颜岱 苗磊 王若瑾 李嘉音 HENG Wei;YAN Dai;MIAO Lei;WANG Ruojin;LI Jiayin(Rolling Stock Branch,CHN Energy Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway Development Co.,Ltd.,Cangzhou Hebei 062350,China;School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]国能朔黄铁路发展有限责任公司机辆分公司,河北沧州062350 [2]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国铁路》2024年第12期130-139,共10页China Railway

基　　金：国能朔黄铁路发展有限责任公司科技创新项目(SHTL-22-08)

摘　　要：随着重载列车运行速度及轴重不断增大,机车轮对磨耗问题日益严峻。轮对磨耗是复杂轮轨关系作用的结果,受线路条件、司机操作、列车编组及自然环境多因素的共同影响。因此,提出一种基于复杂运行系统的重载机车轮对磨耗机理及其影响因素研究方法。系统性分析重载机车轮对磨耗类型,并基于轮轨作用关系深入研究了车轮磨耗机理及成因;构建复杂运行环境下重载铁路机车轮-轨耦合作用动力学模型;研究复杂运行环境下机车轮对磨耗关键影响因素,并采用磨耗指标等参数进行定量分析。研究结果表明:机车运行速度、线路曲线半径、轮轨摩擦系数对轮轨磨耗指标影响显著。其中,机车运行速度与机车安全性指标和轮轨磨耗指标呈正相关,线路曲线半径与机车安全性指标和轮轨磨耗指标呈负相关,而轮轨摩擦系数与轮轨磨耗指标及机车安全性指标呈正相关。根据研究结果,提出以下重载列车运行优化建议:(1)依据线路特性动态调整列车运行速度;(2)在雨雪等恶劣气象条件下根据轮轨摩擦系数动态调整列车运行速度;(3)融合先进的复杂运行环境监测技术,用以支持重载列车运行控制,保障列车运行安全与效率的统一。With the increase in running speeds and axle loads of heavy-haul trains,the problem of locomotive wheelset wear is becoming increasingly serious.Wheelset wear is the result of complex wheel-rail relationship,and it is affected by many factors such as track conditions,driver’s operation,train formation and natural environment.Therefore,a method for studying the wheelset wear mechanism and its influencing factors of heavy-haul locomotives based on a complex operation system was proposed.This study analyzes systematically the types of wheelset wear of heavy-haul locomotives,and studies deeply the mechanism and causes of wheel wear based on the wheel-rail interaction relationship;establishes a dynamic model of wheel-rail coupling interaction of heavy-haul railway locomotives in complex operating environment;studies key factors affecting locomotive wheelset wear in complex operating environment,and uses parameters such as wear indexes for quantitative analysis.The study results show that locomotive running speed,curve radius and wheel-rail friction coefficient have significant influence on the wheel-rail wear indexes.Among them,locomotive running speed is positively correlated with locomotive safety indexes and wheel-rail wear indexes;curve radius is negatively correlated with locomotive safety indexes and wheel-rail wear indexes,while wheel-rail friction coefficient is positively correlated with wheel-rail wear indexes and locomotive safety indexes.According to the results,the following suggestions were put forward for optimizing the operation of heavy-haul trains:(1)dynamically adjusting the train running speed according to track characteristics;(2)dynamically adjusting the train running speed according to wheel-rail friction coefficient under severe weather conditions such as rain and snow;(3)integrating advanced complex operating environment monitoring technology to support the operation control of heavy-haul trains and ensure both the safety and efficiency of train operation.

关 键 词：重载铁路 轮轨接触 轮对磨耗 机车多体动力学仿真模型 轮轨磨耗指标 机车安全性指标 

分 类 号：U239.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]