生物酶提高上部烟叶品质研究  

Study on Improving the Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaf by Biological Enzyme

作　　者：张怡帆 孙帅帅[1] 陈帅伟 张鹏[3] 高丽伟 胡苏林[1] 张忠锋[3] 杜文杰[1] ZHANG Yifan;SUN Shuaishuai;CHEN Shuaiwei;ZHANG Peng;GAO Liwei;HU Sulin;ZHANG Zhongfeng;DU Wenjie(Shandong Tobacco Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250014,China;Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中烟工业有限责任公司,山东济南250014 [2]青岛农业大学,山东青岛266109 [3]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101

出　　处：《特产研究》2025年第1期136-142,共7页Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research

基　　金：山东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2022370000340061);中国烟草总公司重点研发项目(110202102018)。

摘　　要：本研究为提高上部烟叶的品质,利用生物酶催化技术对烟叶内在化学组分进行改良。利用近红外技术对不同产区上部烟叶与中部优质烟叶常规化学成分进行了测定和比较。针对上部烟叶内在化学组分比例不协调的问题,研究淀粉酶、半纤维素酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、漆酶和果胶酶等对烟叶品质的影响。结果表明,上部烟叶较中部优质烟叶在常规化学成分上总糖和还原糖含量较低,烟碱含量较高。不同的生物酶组分对烟叶品质改良效果不同,其中以淀粉酶和半纤维素酶对烟叶品质提升效果较为显著。进一步通过对有提质效果的生物酶组分进行组合配比,组合后的CP-4复合生物酶配方(淀粉酶、蛋白酶、半纤维素酶和漆酶)能够较大幅度的降低烟叶中淀粉、木质素、半纤维素及烟碱含量,降解率分别为9.55%、29.64%、8.50%和7.74%,并能够增加烟叶总糖、还原糖和游离氨基酸在烟叶中的占比,提高率分别为18.59%、15.29%和5.28%。本研究结果表明,生物酶可以有效提高上部烟叶内在化学组分间的协调性,达到改良烟叶品质的目的。In order to improve the quality of upper tobacco leaves,we explored the catalysis technique by using complex enzyme mixtures for improving chemical composition of upper tobacco leaves.The differences in conventional chemical composition between upper tobacco leaves and central high-quality tobacco leaves in different production areas were measured and compared by near-infrared technology.Aiming at the problem of uncoordinated proportion of chemical components in upper tobacco leaves,the effects of amylase,hemi-cellulase,protease,cellulase,laccase and pectinase on the quality of tobacco leaves were studied.The results showed that the upper tobacco leaves had lower total sugar and reducing sugar content and higher nicotine content than the middle high-quality tobacco leaves.Different enzyme components had different effects on the quality characteristics of tobacco leaves,and amylase and hemicellulase had significant im-proving effects on the quality of tobacco leaves.Furthermore,the quality improvement effect of complex enzymes on tobacco leaves was analyzed,and the formulated CP-4 complex enzyme(amylase,protease,hemicellulase and laccase)could greatly reduce the content of starch,lignin,hemicellulose and nicotine in tobacco leaves,with degradation rates of 9.55%,29.64%,8.50%and 7.74%,respectively.CP-4 complex enzyme also increased the proportion of total sugars,reducing sugars and amino acids in tobacco leaves,with the increase rates of 18.59%,15.29%and 5.28%,respectively.The results showed that the proportion of intrinsic chemical components of upper tobacco leaves can be efficiently adjusted through screening and customizing enzyme formulas,so as to achieve the purpose of improving tobacco quality.

关 键 词：上部烟叶 酶催化 烟叶提质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]