浅析CBL在临床医学教育中的应用  

Case-based Learning in Clinical Medical Education

作　　者：宫跃敏 李建勇[1] 何广胜[1] GONG Yue-min;LI Jian-yong;HE Guang-sheng(Department of Hematology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Jiangsu Province Hospital,Nanjing 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学第一附属医院,南京210029

出　　处：《高校医学教学研究(电子版)》2024年第6期13-19,共7页Medicine Teaching in University (Electronic Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81900109);江苏省2019年“双创博士”[(2019)30357];江苏省科教能力提升工程(ZDXK202209)。

摘　　要：以案例为基础的教学法(CBL)是一种以学生为中心的探究式学习方式,其目的是运用真实的临床案例教学,训练学生的临床思维,使学生为临床实践做好准备。本文主要详细介绍CBL的概念和具体应用方法。CBL具体应用方法包括CBCR、VICE、病例辩论赛、OMP、SNAPPS、Aunt Minnie。基于案例的临床思维训练法(CBCR)是根据“模式识别法”和“因果分析法”两种临床思维模式开发出来的,也是目前最成熟和系统化的CBL。其案例运行过程可作为开展CBL教学实践和创新的模板。基于案例的虚拟互动教学法(VICE)更注重解构学生的思维过程和教学环境的心理安全性。病例辩论赛寓教于乐,侧重于教导学生选择最经济高效的手段进行诊断。一分钟教学法(OMP)、SNAPPS教学法、Aunt Minnie法简单灵活,更适应门诊教学时间短、无法备课的特点。只有根据教学对象、情境、学科和教师经验选择合适的CBL,才能达到最佳教学效果,发挥出CBL的优势。Case-based learning(CBL)is a student-centered,inquiry-based learning approach that uses real-world clinical cases to train students’clinical thinking and prepare them for clinical practice.This article mainly elaborates on the concept and specific methods of CBL,including CBCR,VICE,case-based debate,OMP,SNAPPS and Aunt Minnie.Case-based clinical reasoning(CBCR)is developed according to the two clinical thinking modes:pattern recognition and the analytical thinking mode of presumed causes-and-effects.It is also the most mature and systematic CBL teaching method at present.Its case operation process can be used as a template for CBL teaching practice and innovation.Virtual interactive case-based education(VICE)focuses more on deconstructing the students’thought processes and psychological safety of the teaching environment.Case-based debate is both educational and entertaining,focusing on educating the students to choose the most effective and economical means of diagnosis.The one-minute preceptor(OMP),SNAPPS and Aunt Minnie methods are simple and flexible,which are more suitable for the characteristics of short teaching time and inability to prepare lessons.Only by selecting the appropriate CBL teaching method according to the teaching objects,situation,subjects and teachers’experience,we can achieve the best teaching effect and give full play to the advantages of CBL.

关 键 词：以案例为基础的教学法 临床医学教育 临床思维 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]