古代道医“布外气”疗法的实践与困境  

The Practice and Predicament of the Ancient Daoist Medical Therapy "Distributing External Qi"

作　　者：吴国居 WU Guoju(School for Marxism Studies,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学马克思主义学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2025年第2期68-73,共6页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2022年度中国科普研究所资助项目(220201EBR042)。

摘　　要：“布外气”是中国古代道医治病实践的组成部分。其认为养气充裕的人可将气布入“少气”的患者体内,以促进后者体内“气”的运转,从而治愈疾病。“布外气”不仅可治疗“四肢、五脏”的疾病,也能改善患者体质,或是治疗各种疑难杂症;其不仅遵循“辨证施治”的医疗理念,还有自身的操作规范,如要求医患的相对位置和接触方式保持对称。“布气术”在历史上实践较少,传承受阻。一方面,修炼者须通过艰苦的“闭气”和“运气”训练;另一方面,施气者普遍追求“长生”与“飞仙”而重视自身元气的保养,从而对“布气予人”行为持消极和反对的态度。"Distributing External Qi" was a component of ancient Daoist medical practices in China.It was believed that individuals with abundant qi could transfer it to patients with "insufficient qi," promoting the circulation of qi within the patient's body to cure diseases.This method was thought to treat illnesses affecting the "four limbs and five viscera," improve physical constitution,and address various complex conditions.The practice adhered to the principle of "treatment based on syndrome differentiation" and had specific operational guidelines,such as maintaining symmetrical positioning and contact between the practitioner and the patient.However,the historical application of "qi distribution" was limited,and its transmission faced challenges.On one hand,practitioners require rigorous training in "holding qi" and "operating qi".On the other hand,many practitioners prioritized preserving their own vital energy in pursuit of "longevity" and "immortality," leading to passive or oppositional attitudes toward the act of transferring qi to others.

关 键 词：道医 布外气 疾病治疗 闭气 运气 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]