婴幼儿配方乳粉中苯扎氯铵和二癸基二甲基氯化铵的污染水平监测及膳食暴露评估  

Monitoring and Dietary Exposure Assessment of Benzalkonium Chloride and Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride Contamination in Infant Formula Milk Powder

作　　者：俞淑[1] YU Shu(Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research/National Food Quality Supervision and Inspection Center,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市质量监督检验技术研究院/国家食品质量监督检验中心,上海200233

出　　处：《乳业科学与技术》2025年第1期7-13,共7页JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

基　　金：国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2022MK033)。

摘　　要：对2022—2024年市售婴幼儿配方乳粉中苯扎氯铵和二癸基二甲基氯化铵残留进行检测和统计评估。结合欧盟关于苯扎氯铵每日允许摄入量和德国联邦风险评估研究所关于二癸基二甲基氯化铵的每日允许摄入量,采用点评估法提供估计值,这些估计值适用于可用样本数量的百分位数。婴幼儿配方乳粉中C_(12)-苯扎氯铵、C_(14)-苯扎氯铵、C_(16)-苯扎氯铵和二癸基二甲基氯化铵的检出率分别为23.3%、16.8%、15.4%、16.0%;平均残留量(下限值(lower bound,LB)~上限值(upper bound,UB))分别为10.96~12.18μg/kg和3.71~4.13μg/kg。0~6、7~12、13~36月龄婴幼儿的苯扎氯铵平均暴露量(LB~UB)分别为0.281~0.297、0.036~0.047、0.026~0.032μg/(kgm_(b)·d),二癸基二甲基氯化铵平均暴露量(LB~UB)分别为0.091~0.095、0.007~0.011、0.013~0.016μg/(kgm_(b)·d),其风险商均小于1。检测结果表明:2022—2024年市售婴幼儿配方乳粉中苯扎氯铵、二癸基二甲基氯化铵污染水平较低,处于可接受水平。Benzalkonium chloride and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride residues in infant formula milk powder sold from 2022 to 2024 were detected and statistically analyzed.Based on the European Union’s allowable daily intake for benzalkonium chloride and the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment’s allowable daily intake for didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,a point estimation method was used to provide estimated values applicable to the percentiles of the available sample quantities.The detection rates of C_(12)-benzalkonium chloride C_(14)-benzalkonium chloride,C_(16)-benzalkonium chloride,and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in infant formula milk powder were 23.3%,16.8%,15.4%,and 16.0%,respectively;the average residue levels from lower bound(LB)to upper bound(UB)were 10.96–12.18 and 3.71–4.13μg/kg,respectively.The average exposure levels(LB–UB)to benzalkonium chloride for infants and young children aged 0–6,7–12,and 13–36 months were 0.281–0.297,0.036–0.047,and 0.026–0.032μg/(kg m_(b)·d),respectively.The average exposure levels(LB-UB)to didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride were 0.091–0.095,0.007–0.011,and 0.013–0.016μg/(kg m_(b)·d),respectively.The hazard quotient(HQ)for both substances was less than 1.The contamination levels of benzalkonium chloride and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in infant formula milk powder sold from 2022 to 2024 were found to be at an acceptable level.

关 键 词：婴幼儿配方乳粉 苯扎氯铵 二癸基二甲基氯化铵 暴露评估 季铵盐类消毒剂 

分 类 号：TS207.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]