简论价值教育  

On the Brief Discussion of Value Education

作　　者：杨开城[1] 高梓贤 Yang Kaicheng;Gao Zixian(School of Educational Technology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育技术学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国电化教育》2025年第2期21-28,58,共9页China Educational Technology

摘　　要：教育旨在发展人格。人格是由知识系统、价值系统和情感系统组成的,情感系统是价值系统的伴生物。人格发展即为人格的增值过程,也就是人格的知识系统和价值系统的增值过程。我们将面向知识系统的教育层面称为智识教育,将面向价值系统的教育层面称为价值教育。价值是人之为人的存在方式,它可以区分为功利价值、伦理价值、道德价值和审美价值。我们需要区分两种关于价值的判断,一种是“X是价值”,另一种是“X有价值”。这两种判断对于教育的含义是不同的。作为知识的价值对应的是“X是价值”的判断,它是价值矛盾体中的一个点,通过学习,它会进入个体人格的知识系统。个体人格中的价值系统对应的是“X有价值”的判断。人格价值系统中的价值之间具有深度差异,深刻的价值与个体精神生命是同一的。从目标角度看,价值教育是一种促使学生创生和维护健康的智慧型价值系统并生成特定的价值赋值能力、价值辩护能力和价值编码能力的过程。价值目标的起点水平是价值理解,终点水平是价值认同。价值教育需要强化以下四个方面:(1)完整丰富的价值体验,(2)价值澄清,(3)足够的自由与尊重和(4)价值引导与惩戒。Education aims to develop personality.Personality is composed of a knowledge system,a value system,and an emotional system,with the emotional system being an accompaniment to the value system.Personality development is a process of personality appreciation,which is also a process of appreciation of the knowledge system and value system of personality.We refer to the educational aspect facing the knowledge system as intellectual education,and the educational aspect facing the value system as value education.Value is the way in which human beings exist,and it can be distinguished into utilitarian value,ethical value,moral value,and aesthetic value.We need to distinguish between two types of judgments about value:one is “X is a value,” and the other is “X has value.” These two judgments have different implications for education.The value as knowledge corresponds to the judgment “X is a value,” which is a position in a value contradiction and enters the knowledge system of individual personality through learning.The value system in individual personality corresponds to the judgment “X has value.” There are differences in profoundness among the values in the value system of personality,and profound values are identical with individual spiritual life.From the perspective of goals,value education is a process that prompts students to create and maintain a healthy and wisdom-based value system,and to develop specific abilities of value assignment,value defense,and value coding.The starting level of value goals is value understanding,and the end level is value identification.Value education needs to strengthen the following four aspects:(1) complete and rich value experience,(2) value clarification,(3) sufficient freedom and respect,and(4) value guidance and discipline.

关 键 词：价值 终极价值 价值教育 人格增值原理 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]