现代如何言说绝对者:以黑格尔的斯宾诺莎阐释为例  

How to Speak of the Absolute in Modern Times:The Case of Hegel's Interpretation of Spinoza

作　　者：庄振华[1] Zhuang Zhenhua

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学马克思主义学部暨哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2025年第1期129-142,172,共15页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“黑格尔逻辑学视域下现代理性的自我调适研究”(编号20BZX090)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：斯宾诺莎超出有限性规定之上的实体学说为现代思想言说绝对者树立了典范。然而在黑格尔看来,这种构想由于并未切实向沉迷规律与事功的现代生活方式指出绝对者的必要性与通达方式,所以有沦为主观抽象的危险。黑格尔在《逻辑学》中指出,在抽象地设定了绝对者之后,现代思维还面临从现实事物中洞察绝对必然性和了解绝对必然性如何自由呈现这两重考验。黑格尔的阐释虽然不是对斯宾诺莎进行严格的文本考释,却是基于对现代生活更深入的把握,并对斯宾诺莎的实体学说作了某种有益的修正。尽管黑格尔思辨思想的结论未必会被今人所接受,但该思想因为切入现代生活的核心机理而成为当前言说绝对者的种种尝试所无法忽略的一个参考点。Spinoza's doctrine of substance,which transcends finite determinations,sets a paradigm for discussing the Absolute in modern thought.However,Hegel argues that this conception risks becoming a subjective abstraction because it fails to demonstrate the necessity of the Absolute and to show the means by which it can be accessed under the context of modern life,which is often preoccupied with scientific laws and practical success.InThe Science of Logic,Hegel points out that,after positing the Absolute abstractly,modern thought still faces a dual challenge:first,to discern the absolute necessity in concrete reality,and second,to understand how this necessity can manifest itself freely.While Hegel is not concerned with a textual interpretation of Spinoza in any strict sense,he offers a revision of the latter's substance theory on the basis of a deeper understanding of modern life.Although Hegel's conclusions may not be widely accepted today,his thought remains a crucial referential point for contemporary discussions of the Absolute due to its engagement with the core mechanisms of modern existence.

关 键 词：绝对者 斯宾诺莎主义 实体学说 必然性 

分 类 号：B516.35[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B563.1