一次性纸杯中聚乙烯微塑料的检测方法研究  

Study on detection method of polyethylene microplastics in disposable paper cup

作　　者：刘德晔[1] 王勇[2] 王磊[2] 吉文亮[1] LIU Deye;WANG Yong;WANG Lei;JI Wenliang(Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu Nanjing,210009,China;Institution of Forensic Science and Technology of Nanjing Public Security Bureau,Jiangsu Nanjing,210009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京210009 [2]南京市公安局刑事科学技术研究所,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2024年第10期1147-1152,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：江苏省卫生健康委医学课题面上项目(H2023047);江苏省医学重点学科(实验室)(ZDXKA2016008)基金资助。

摘　　要：目的 建立使用聚乙烯内涂层的一次性纸杯在使用过程中聚乙烯微塑料脱落的检测方法。方法 采用过氧化氢消解,碳酸氢钠溶液超声去除残留过氧化氢,乙醇分散,后利用银膜过滤,收集纸杯水样中的聚乙烯微塑料,使用显微拉曼光谱法对滤膜上的微塑料进行检测。采用扫描电镜和显微拉曼光谱研究样品前处理效果。结果 经优化,使用23%(v/v)过氧化氢消解可有效消除自来水中多种物质的干扰,加入量为5.0 g/L碳酸氢钠,辅以超声可有效分解消解液中残留的过氧化氢,在消解液中加入25%(v/v)的乙醇可有效分散体系中微塑料,使得过滤时微塑料能够均匀分散在银膜表面。本文定量检测一次性纸杯在正常使用过程中聚乙烯微塑料的脱落情况,方法检出限为1 877.7 p/L,相对标准偏差为9.7%~27.5%,回收率为98%~111%。结果表明使用聚乙烯内涂层的一次性纸杯饮水,在使用过程中释放出2 500~20 000 p/L大于2μm的聚乙烯微塑料。结论 本文建立的聚乙烯微塑料前处理方法可解决传统方法存在的银膜腐蚀和微塑料分散不均匀难题,获得较好的精密度和回收率,能够用于实际样品的检验。检验结果表明,使用聚乙烯内涂层的一次性纸杯在使用过程中会带来微塑料健康风险。Objective To establish a detection method for the detachment of polyethylene microplastics during the use of disposable paper cups with polyethylene inner coating.Methods The method employed hydrogen peroxide digestion,sodium bicarbonate solution ultrasonic removal of residual hydrogen peroxide,ethanol dispersion,and then silver membrane filtration to collect polyethylene microplastics from paper cup water samples.Micro-Raman spectroscopy was applied to detect the microplastics on the filter membrane.And scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and micro-Raman Spectroscopy were introduced to study the pre-treatment processes.Results After optimization,the concentration of 23%(v/v)hydrogen peroxide could eliminate the interference of matrix in samples.The addition of 5.0 g/L sodium bicarbonate,combined with ultrasound,couldtotallydecompose the residual hydrogen peroxide in the digestion solution.Adding 25%(v/v)ethanol to the digestion solution could effectively disperse microplastics in the system,so that microplastics were then uniformly dispersed on the surface of the silver film during filtration.Further,the detachment of polyethylene microplastics from disposable paper cups was quantitatively detected.The detection limit was calculatedas 1877.7 p/L,the relative standard deviation was 9.7%-27.5%,and the recovery rate was 98%-111%.Results indicated that disposable paper cups coated with polyethylene could release 2500-20000 p/L(>2μm)microplastics in water.Conclusion Compared with traditional pre-treatment processes,our method could solve the problems of silver film corrosion and uneven dispersion of microplastics.The results of real samples detection suggested that disposable paper cups coated with polyethylene can bring health risks by microplastics during use.

关 键 词：聚乙烯微塑料 显微拉曼光谱 扫描电镜 前处理 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]